Cardiovascular System 3

Question 1

What 2 things cause hepatojugular reflux?

Answer 1

1. Fluid overload

2. Impaired RV compliance

Question 2

What 4 things cause Kussmaul’s sign (increase in JVP with inspiration)?

Answer 2

1. RV infarct
2. Postop cardiac tamponade
3. Tricuspid regurgitation
4. Constrictive pericarditis

Question 3

What sound do dilated cardiomyopathy, mitral valve disease, and pregnancy all cause?

Answer 3

S3 gallop

Question 4

What sound do HTN, diastolic dysfunction, and AS all cause?

Answer 4

S4 gallop

Question 5

Which side of HF does pulmonary edema signify?

Answer 5

LHF

Question 6

Which side of HF does peripheral edema signify?

Answer 6

RHF

Question 7

Which 3 conditions cause increased peripheral pulses?

Answer 7

1. Aortic regurgitation
2. Aortic coarctation
3. PDA

Question 8

Which 2 conditions cause decreased peripheral pulses?

Answer 8

1. Peripheral arterial disease

2. Late stage HF

Question 9

What causes pulsus alternans?

Answer 9

Cardiac tamponade

Question 10

What causes pulsus parvus et tardus?

Answer 10

Aortic stenosis

Question 11

What drug is used for symptomatic bradycardia in an acute setting?

Answer 11

Atropine

Question 12

What’s the mnemonic for management of acute CHF?

Answer 12

LMNOP

Question 13

What does the LMNOP mnemonic stand for (for acute CHF management)?

Answer 13

Lasix
Morphine
Nitrates
O2
Position (upright)

Question 14

Loops lose ___?

Answer 14

Ca

Question 15

Thiazides take in ___?

Answer 15

Ca

Question 16

Which type of HF has a normal EF?

Answer 16

Diastolic HF

Question 17

Which class of diuretics has side effects of ototoxicity, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, dehydration, and gout?

Answer 17

Loop diuretics

Question 18

Which class of diuretics has side effects of hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and hypercalcemia (hyper-GLUC)?

Answer 18

Thiazide diuretics

Question 19

Which class of diuretics has side effects of hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, and sexual dysfunction?

Answer 19

K+ sparers (spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride)

Question 20

Which class of diuretics has side effects of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, neuropathy, NH3 toxicity, and sulfa allergy?

Answer 20

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide)

Question 21

Which class of diuretics has side effects of pulmonary edema and dehydration, and is contraindicated in anuria and CHF?

Answer 21

Osmotic agents (mannitol)

Question 22

Which is the first-line drug of choice for a hypertensive emergency?

Answer 22

Sodium nitroprusside