Oncology Flashcards
What’s often the first form of breast cancer biopsy?
Fine needle
What form of biopsy can test for estrogen or progesterone receptors?
Core needle
What is the starting age for screening mammography?
50
When is US the answer for breast questions?
Indeterminant mass lesions (cyst vs solid; painful and varies in size with menstruation)
When is PET scan the answer?
To determine the content of abnormal lymph nodes that are not easy to biopsy
T/F: lumpectomy with radiation is equal in efficacy to radical mastectomy?
True
What drug should Her2/neu positive patients receive?
Trastuzumab
Aromatase inhibitors are better for ___________ women?
Postmenopausal
Tamoxifen is better for _________ women?
Premenopausal
When breast lesions are >1cm and positive axillary nodes are found, what is indicated?
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Which is more likely to cause ED in prostate cancer: surgery or radiation?
Surgery
How does Gleason grading help determine the decision to do surgery for prostate cancer?
If the Gleason grade is high, surgery will be more beneficial
Above age 75, should you do a PSA?
No
What drugs can help control the size and progression of metastases once they have occurred in prostate cancer?
Flutamide, GnRH agonists, ketoconazole, and orchiectomy
What age should you start doing low dose chest CT for smokers?
Age 55
Is surgery possible in lung cancer if there is bilateral disease, lymph nodes on opposite side, or malignant pleural effusion?
No
T/F: Small cell lung cancer is usually unresectable
True
When lung cancer tests positive for the PD biomarker, which 2 drugs help?
- Pembrolizumab
2. Nivolumab
Is CA-125 used for ovarian cancer screening?
No, just for treatment follow-up
What are 4 anterior mediastinal masses?
- Teratoma
- Thymoma
- Thyroid
- Lymphoma
What are 2 posterior mediastinal masses?
- Neurofibromas
2. Esophageal cancer
Which cancer is most often associated with asbestos?
Lung cancer (it is more common than mesothelioma)
Does a history of cryptorchidism increase testicular cancer?
Yes
Do you cut the scrotum or remove the entire testicle for biopsy?
You have to remove the entire testicle because a needle biopsy can spread the disease
What level is elevated in all testicular cancers?
hCG
How is staging performed in testicular cancer?
CT scan
Does seminomatous cancer secrete AFP?
No, only non-seminomatous
What’s the treatment for seminoma?
Chemo + radiation
What’s the treatment or non-seminoma?
Just chemo
What’s the age range for HPV vax?
11-45
What’s the age range for pap smear?
21-65
What’s the next step in patients who have low and high grade dysplasia on pap smear?
Colposcopy for biopsy
What’s the next step if ASCUS is found on pap?
Perform HPV testing
If ASCUS and HPV are present, what’s the next step?
Colposcopy for biopsy
If HPV is found but not associated with ASCUS, when does the patient get her next pap?
6 months
What are the 3 main classes of medications used to treat chemo-induced nausea?
- 5HT inhibitors
- NK receptor antagonists
- Glucocorticoids
