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Step 2CK > Emergency Medicine > Flashcards

Emergency Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the first initial step to overdose tx if you don’t know what the toxin is and it’s within 2 hours after ingestion?

A

Gastric lavage

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2
Q

What’s the best initial management of altered mental status of unclear etiology?

A

Naloxone and glucose

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3
Q

What’s the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity within 24 hours?

A

N-acetylcysteine

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4
Q

Is there an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity after 24 hours?

A

No

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5
Q

What dx presents with tinnitus, hyperventilation, respiratory alkalosis progressing to metabolic acidosis, altered mental status, and increased anion gap?

A

Aspirin OD

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6
Q

What diagnostic test is best for TCA toxicity?

A

EKG

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7
Q

What will the EKG show in TCA toxicity?

A

Widened QRS

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8
Q

Can the widened QRS from TCA toxicity cause Torsades?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What’s the tx for caustic ingestion?

A

Flushing out with water

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10
Q

What acid/base derangement is caused by CO poisoning?

A

Lactic acidosis

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11
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin vs methemoglobin?

A

CarbOxy: from CO
Metheme: nitrates, anesthetics, dapsone

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12
Q

T/F: both carboxy and methemoglobin give normal O2 on blood gas?

A

True

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13
Q

What color is carboxyhemoglobin?

A

Red

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14
Q

What color is methemoglobin?

A

Brown

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15
Q

What’s the best treatment for methemoglobinemia?

A

100% O2 and then methylene blue

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16
Q

What 2 poisonings present with salivation, lacrimation, polyuria, diarrhea, bronchospasm, and respiratory arrest?

A
  1. Organophosphate

2. Nerve gas

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17
Q

Is acetylcholine inhibited or increased by organophosphates and nerve gas?

A

Increased

18
Q

What’s the antidote for ACh toxicity?

A

Atropine

19
Q

What toxicity presents with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, yellow halos around objects, hyperkalemia, and cardiac rhythm disturbance?

A

Digoxin

20
Q

What’s the antidote for digoxin toxicity?

A

Digoxin-specific antibodies

21
Q

What’s the antidote for lead poisoning?

A

Succimer, EDTA, or dimercaprol

22
Q

How does mercury poisoning present?

A

Nervousness, jitteriness, twitchiness, pulmonary toxicity

23
Q

What agents can be used to remove mercury from the body?

A

Dimercaprol and succimer

24
Q

How are methanol and ethylene glycol toxicities treated?

A

Fomepizole and dialysis

25
Q

Which causes retinal and which causes renal toxicity: methanol vs ethylene glycol?

A

Methanol: retinal “it’ll meth up your eyes”

Ethylene glycol: renal

26
Q

What animal bite can present with hemolysis, respiratory paralysis, ptosis, dysphagia, and diplopia?

A

Snake bite

27
Q

What animal bite may present with a sudden sharp pain such as “I stepped on a nail?”

A

Spider bite

28
Q

Which type of spider bite presents with abdominal and muscle pain, and hypocalcemia?

A

Black widow

29
Q

What’s the tx for black widow bite?

A

Calcium & antivenom

30
Q

What type of spider bite presents with local skin necrosis, bullae, and blebs?

A

Brown recluse

31
Q

What’s the tx for brown recluse bite?

A

Debridement, steroids, dapsone

32
Q

How are dog, cat, and human bites managed?

A

Amoxicillin/clav plus tetanus booster if >5 years since last injection

33
Q

Which head injury has a lens shaped hematoma on CT?

A

Epidural

“The contact lens goes on the outside layer of the eye”

34
Q

Do heatstroke, NMS, and malignant hyperthermia all have elevated body temp and elevated CPK and potassium?

A

Yes

35
Q

What’s the most common cause of death in patients with hypothermia?

A

Cardiac arrhythmia

36
Q

T/F: do not give steroids or antibiotics in drowning victims?

A

True

37
Q

What is high altitude pulmonary edema?

A

Pulmonary edema with normal ejection fraction

38
Q

At what altitude does HAPE occur?

A

5,000m (16,400ft)

39
Q

What 3 drugs treat hemodynamically stable Vtach?

A
  1. Amiodarone
  2. Lidocaine
  3. Procainamide
40
Q

What drugs is used as part of the treatment for asystole, Vfib, etc?

A

Epinephrine

Step 2CK (31 decks)

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