Organochlorines Flashcards

1
Q

Sources of OC poisoning

A

ingestion of contaminated feeds, sprayed foliage or pesticide containers
may be absorbed through skin, MM, inhaled

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2
Q

Properties of OC

A

highly lipophilic, soluble in oils and organic solvents

persistent in environment bc resist chemical or microbial decompositions

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3
Q
Which animals are most sensitive to OC toxicity?
A) horses
B) dogs
C) cats
D) cows
A

C - cats

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4
Q

Toxicokinetics of OC?

A

after absorption, insecticide may be bound to serum lipoproteins
distributed to body tissues, mainly fat
metabolized by liver microsomal enzymes

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5
Q

T/F: OC undergo enterohepatic recycling

A

True

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6
Q

MoA of organochlorines

A

diphenul aliphatics interfere with Na channels in nerve membranes causing repetitive firing and CNS stim and siures
Lindane may inhibit GABA binding
inhibition of cerebral cortex

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7
Q

Clinical signs of organochlorine toxicity?

A

CNS hyperstimulaton - salivation, nausea, vomiting, tremors, hyperthermia, incoordination, opisthotonos, clonic-tonic seizures
cattle - backwards walking and abnormal postures
birds - depression, apparent blindness, abnormal postures, death

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8
Q

Lesions associated with OC toxicity

A

nothing specific
bruising and lacerations from convulsions
congestion and edema in several organs

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9
Q

Treatment of OC toxicity?

A

no specific tx
decontamination, bathe animal for dermal exposure, symptomatic tx (diazepam or barbiturates to control CNS stim, chloral hydrate in large. animals, artificial respiration with oxygen)

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10
Q

Specific MoA of DDT

A

Axonal Na channels remain open and K+ channels don’t open completely - repolarization inhibited
continued neurotransmitter release = hyperexcitability of neurons

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11
Q

Specific MoA of chlorinated alicyclics

A

blocks action of GABA

Cl channels don’t open, inhibition of Cl flow into neurons, inhibits repolarization = hyper excitability of neurons

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