Introduction

Question 1

T/F: a drug can be a poison and a poison can be a drug?

Answer 1

True! The dose is the difference

Question 2

A _____ can be defined as an substance when applied or introduced into the body may interfere with life processes or biological functions of the cells of the animal

Answer 2

poison (toxicant)

Question 3

A ____ is a poison from a biological process

Answer 3

Toxin/biotoxin

Question 4

____ is used to describe the deleterious or undesirable effects of poisons

Answer 4

toxic

Question 5

____ is the disease caused by exposure to a poison

Answer 5

toxicosis, poisoning or intoxication

Question 6

____ is the amount of poison that under certain circumstances will cause toxic effects

Answer 6

toxicity
expressed as LD50 in mammals in mg/kg body weight
LC50 (lethal concentration) in mg/kg feed in birds
LC50 in mg/liter water in fish

Question 7

___ toxicity is the effect of a single dose or multiple doses during a 24 hour period

Answer 7

acute

Question 8

____ toxicity is the effect produced by daily exposure from one day to 30 days

Answer 8

subacute

Question 9

______ is the effect of exposure from 30-90 days

Answer 9

sub chronic toxicity

Question 10

____ is the effect produced by daily exposure for a period of 3 months or more

Answer 10

chronic toxicity

Question 11

What is the ratio between acute LD50 and chronic LD50?

Answer 11

chronicity factor

Question 12

T/F: compounds with cumulative effects have a low chronicity factor

Answer 12

false, they have a high chronicity factor

Question 13

A chronicity factor >2 indicates a ______

Answer 13

relatively cumulative toxicant

Question 14

An extremely toxic substance:

Answer 14

1mg/kg or less

Question 15

A highly toxic substance

Answer 15

> 1-50mg/kg

Question 16

A moderately toxic substance

Answer 16

> 50-500mg/kg

Question 17

A slightly toxic substance

Answer 17

> 0/5-5g/kg

Question 18

A partially nontoxic substacce

Answer 18

> 5-15 g/kg

Question 19

A relatively harmless substance

Answer 19

> 15g/kg

Question 20

The highest non toxic dose (HNTD)

Answer 20

highest dose which does not result in undesirable or toxic alterations

Question 21

Maximum tolerated dose (or minimal toxic dose) MTD

Answer 21

similar to highest non-toxic dose

Question 22

The toxic dose low (TDL)

Answer 22

lowest dose which produces toxic alterations and administering twice this dose will not cause death

Question 23

Toxic dose high (TDH)

Answer 23

dose which produces toxic alterations and administering twice this dose will result in death

Question 24

no effect level (maximum non toxic level)

Answer 24

amount of chemical that can be ingested without causing any deaths, illness or toxic alterations in any of the animals for the stated period (usually 90d –> 2y)

Question 25

Lethal dose

Answer 25

dose that causes death in any animal during the observation period

Question 26

LD0

Answer 26

highest dose that doesn’t cause any death

Question 27

LD50

Answer 27

the dose that kills 50% of animals in the group

Question 28

LD100

Answer 28

lowest dose that kills all the animals in the group

Question 29

Hazard

Answer 29

danger from the possibility of exposure