Introduction Flashcards
T/F: a drug can be a poison and a poison can be a drug?
True! The dose is the difference
A _____ can be defined as an substance when applied or introduced into the body may interfere with life processes or biological functions of the cells of the animal
poison (toxicant)
A ____ is a poison from a biological process
Toxin/biotoxin
____ is used to describe the deleterious or undesirable effects of poisons
toxic
____ is the disease caused by exposure to a poison
toxicosis, poisoning or intoxication
____ is the amount of poison that under certain circumstances will cause toxic effects
toxicity
expressed as LD50 in mammals in mg/kg body weight
LC50 (lethal concentration) in mg/kg feed in birds
LC50 in mg/liter water in fish
___ toxicity is the effect of a single dose or multiple doses during a 24 hour period
acute
____ toxicity is the effect produced by daily exposure from one day to 30 days
subacute
______ is the effect of exposure from 30-90 days
sub chronic toxicity
____ is the effect produced by daily exposure for a period of 3 months or more
chronic toxicity
What is the ratio between acute LD50 and chronic LD50?
chronicity factor
T/F: compounds with cumulative effects have a low chronicity factor
false, they have a high chronicity factor
A chronicity factor >2 indicates a ______
relatively cumulative toxicant
An extremely toxic substance:
1mg/kg or less
A highly toxic substance
> 1-50mg/kg
A moderately toxic substance
> 50-500mg/kg
A slightly toxic substance
> 0/5-5g/kg
A partially nontoxic substacce
> 5-15 g/kg
A relatively harmless substance
> 15g/kg
The highest non toxic dose (HNTD)
highest dose which does not result in undesirable or toxic alterations
Maximum tolerated dose (or minimal toxic dose) MTD
similar to highest non-toxic dose
The toxic dose low (TDL)
lowest dose which produces toxic alterations and administering twice this dose will not cause death
Toxic dose high (TDH)
dose which produces toxic alterations and administering twice this dose will result in death
no effect level (maximum non toxic level)
amount of chemical that can be ingested without causing any deaths, illness or toxic alterations in any of the animals for the stated period (usually 90d –> 2y)
Lethal dose
dose that causes death in any animal during the observation period
LD0
highest dose that doesn’t cause any death
LD50
the dose that kills 50% of animals in the group
LD100
lowest dose that kills all the animals in the group
Hazard
danger from the possibility of exposure
