Nicotene

Question 1

Toxicokinetics of nicotine

Answer 1

enters body and is rapidly distributed throughout blood stream including CNS
elimination half life in body ~2h in humans, unknown in pets

Question 2

Metabolism of nicotine

Answer 2

readily extracted from circulation by liver
two principle oxidative metabolites are cotinine and nicotine oxide
metabolites are inactive and excreted in the urine

Question 3

T/F: renal excretion of nicotine increases if urine is low pH

Answer 3

true

Question 4

MoA of nicotine toxicity

Answer 4

stimulates PSNS
cholinergic receptor agonist
mimics acetylcholine at low doses and stimulates post-synaptic nicotinic receptors
at high doses, stimulation followed by nicotinic block

Question 5

T/F: nicotine poisoning results in vomiting because it stimulates the CRTZ

Answer 5

true

Question 6

Nicotine results in

Answer 6

respiratory failure

Question 7

Tx of nicotine toxicity

Answer 7

decontamination
enhance excretion with diuretics
atropine for PSNS effects
diazepam for seizures

Question 8

MoA of neonicotinoids

Answer 8

irreversible binding to acetylcholinesterase

overstimulation, paralysis and death