Organizational Behaviour - Chapter 8

Question 1

are groups of two or more people who interact and influence each other, are mutually accountable for achieving common goals associated with organizational objectives.

Answer 1

Teams

Question 2

What are the 4 reasons teams exist?

Answer 2

1) Exist to fulfill some purpose
2) Team members are held together by their interdependence and need for collaboration to achieve common goals.
3) Team members influence each other, although some members may be more influential than others regarding the team’s goals and activities.
4) a team exists when its members perceive themselves to be a team.

Question 3

Teams that consist of employees who have similar or complementary skills and are located in the same unit of a functional structure; usually minimal task interdependence because each person works with employees in other departments.

Answer 3

Departmental team

Question 4

Typically multiskilled (employees have diverse competencies), team members collectively produce a common product/ service or make ongoing decisions

Answer 4

Production/service/leadership teams

Question 5

Similar to production/service teams except (1) they are organized around work processes that complete an entire piece of work requiring several interdependent tasks, and (2) they have substantial autonomy over the execution of those tasks (i.e. they usually control inputs, flow, and outputs with little or no supervision)

Answer 5

Self-Directed teams

Question 6

Usually multiskilled, temporary teams whose assignment is to solve a problem, realize an opportunity, or design a product or service.

Answer 6

Task force (project) teams

Question 7

Similar to task forces, these highly skilled teams are formed for a short duration and given considerable autonomy to resolve an urgent problem or opportunity, such as solving an emergency or crisis

Answer 7

Action teams

Question 8

Teams that provide recommendations to decision makers; include committees, advisory councils, work councils, and review panels; may be temporary, but often permanent, some with a frequent rotation of members.

Answer 8

Advisory teams

Question 9

Multiskilled teams that are usually located away from the organization and are relatively free of its hierarchy; often initiated by an entrepreneurial team leader who borrows people and resources (bootlegging) to design a product or service.

Answer 9

Skunkworks

Question 10

Teams whose members operate across space, time, and organizational boundaries and are linked through information technologies to achieve organizational tasks; may be a temporary task force or permanent service team

Answer 10

Virtual teams

Question 11

Teams (but often informal groups) bound together by shared expertise and passion for a particular activity or interest; main purpose is to share information; often rely on information technologies as the main source of interaction.

Answer 11

Communities of practice

Question 12

What are four reasons that informal groups exist?

Answer 12

1) One reason is that human beings are social animals
2) social identity theory, which states that individuals define themselves by their group affiliations
3) they accomplish personal objectives that cannot be achieved by individuals working alone
4) we are comforted by the mere presence of other people and are therefore motivated to be near them in stressful situations

Question 13

What are some advantages of a team?

Answer 13

1) more motivated when working in teams than when working- alone
2) people are more motivated in teams because they are accountable to fellow team members
3) under some circumstances, performance improves when employees work near others because co-workers become benchmarks of comparison

Question 14

resources (including time and energy) expended toward team development and maintenance rather than the task

Answer 14

Process losses

Question 15

that adding more people to a late software project only makes it later

Answer 15

Brooks’s law

Question 16

What are some disadvantages of a team?

Answer 16

1) Process losses

2) social loafing

Question 17

when people exert less effort (and usually perform at a lower level) in teams than when working alone

Answer 17

Social loafing

Question 18

what makes up the team effectiveness model?

Answer 18

1) Org and team environment
2) Team design
3) Team States
4) Team process
5) Team effectiveness

Question 19

What makes up organization and team environment?

Answer 19

1) Rewards
2) Communication
3) Organizational structure
4) Organizational leadership
5) Physical space

Question 20

What makes up team design?

Answer 20

1) team characteristics
2) Team size
3) Team composition

Question 21

What makes up team states?

Answer 21

1) norms
2) Cohesion
3) Team efficacy
4) Team trust

Question 22

What makes up team processes?

Answer 22

1) task work
2) team work
3) Boundary spanning

Question 23

What makes up team effectivenesss?

Answer 23

1) Accomplish tasks
2) Satisfy member needs
3) Maintain team survival

Question 24

the extent to which team members must share materials, information, or expertise to perform their jobs

Answer 24

Task interdependence

Question 25

What are the 3 levels of interdependence?

Answer 25

1) Pooled interdependence
2) Sequential Interdependence
3) Reciprocal interdependence

Question 26

occurs when an employee or work unit shares a common resource

Answer 26

Pooled interdependence

Question 27

the output of one person becomes the direct input for another person or unit

Answer 27

Sequential Interdependence

Question 28

work output is exchanged back and forth among individuals, produces the highest degree of interdependence

Answer 28

Reciprocal interdependence

Question 29

Effective team members are willing and able to work together rather than alone

Answer 29

Cooperating

Question 30

Effective team members actively manage the team’s work so that it is performed efficiently and harmoniously

Answer 30

Coordinating

Question 31

Effective team members transmit information freely

Answer 31

Communicating

Question 32

Effective team members help co-workers to maintain a positive and healthy psychological state

Answer 32

Comforting

Question 33

Conflict is inevitable in social settings, so effective team members have the skills and motivation to resolve disagreements among team members

Answer 33

Conflict resolving

Question 34

What are the 5 C’s of team competencies?

Answer 34

1) cooperating
2) Coordinating
3) Communicating
4) Comforting
5) Conflict resolving

Question 35

What are some process-based team roles?

Answer 35

1) Organizaer
2) Doer
3) Challenger
4) Innovator
5) Team Builder
6) Connector

Question 36

are the informal rules and shared expectations that groups establish to regulate the behaviour of their members

Answer 36

Norms

Question 37

refers to the degree of attraction people feel toward the team and their motivation to remain members

Answer 37

Team cohesion

Question 38

What are the influences on team cohesion?

Answer 38

1) Member similarity
2) Team size
3) Member interaction
4) Somewhat difficult entry
5) Team success
6) External competition and challenges

Question 39

which is the shared perception among team members about the team’s overall level of capability

Answer 39

Team efficacy

Question 40

What are the three foundations that trust is built on?

Answer 40

1) Calculus
2) Knowledge
3) Identification

Question 41

This foundation represents a logical calculation that other team members will act appropriately because they face sanctions if their actions violate reasonable expecta- tions

Answer 41

Calculus-based trust

Question 42

This form of trust is based on the predictability of another team member’s behaviour

Answer 42

Knowledge-based trust

Question 43

This foundation is based on mutual understanding and an emotional bond among team members

Answer 43

Identification-based trust

Question 44

refers to the interactions and activities that occur within a team as it works toward its goal

Answer 44

team processes

Question 45

activities that are devoted to enhancing the quality of the interactions, interdependencies, cooperation, and coordination of teams

Answer 45

teamwork behaviour

Question 46

team members’ efforts that are devoted to understanding the task requirements

Answer 46

taskwork behavior

Question 47

team actions that establish or enhance linkages and manage interactions with parties in the external environment

Answer 47

Team boundary spanning

Question 48

What makes up the 5 stage model of team development?

Answer 48

1) Forming
2) Storming
3) Norming
4) Performing
5) Adjourning

Question 49

the first stage of team development is a period of testing and orientation in which members learn about each other and evaluate the benefits and costs of continued membership

Answer 49

Forming

Question 50

marked by interpersonal conflict as members become more proactive and compete for various team roles

Answer 50

Storming

Question 51

the team develops its first real sense of cohesion as roles are established and a consensus forms around group objectives and a common or complementary team-based mental model

Answer 51

Norming

Question 52

team members have learned to efficiently coordinate and resolve conflicts

Answer 52

Performing

Question 53

when the team is about to disband

Answer 53

Adjourning

Question 54

consists of formal activities intended to improve the development and functioning of a work team

Answer 54

Team Building

Question 55

are cross-functional groups that are organized around work processes, complete an entire piece of work requiring several interdependent tasks, and have substantial autonomy over the execution of those tasks

Answer 55

Self-directed teams (SDTs

Question 56

are teams whose members operate across space, time, and organizational boundaries and are linked though information technologies to achieve organizational tasks

Answer 56

Virtual teams

Question 57

What are the 5 constraints on team decision making?

Answer 57

1) Team Constraints
2) Evaluation Apprehension
3) Pressure to conform
4) Overconfidence (Inflated team efficacy)
5) Information sharing problem

Question 58

what are the five-team structures that encourage creativity in a team setting?

Answer 58

1) brainstorming
2) brainwriting
3) electronic brainstorming
4) nominal group technique
5) allocation of roles