Organization of vertebrate circulatory systems Flashcards
Name of closed circulatory systems in vertebrates
Cardiovascular system
Main types of vessels
- arteries
- veins
- capillaries
Direction of blood flow
One way
How are arteries and veins distinguished
The direction of blood flow, not the O2 content
Arteries
away from the heart
Veins
towards the heart
Number of chambers in vertebrate hearts
2 or more
Blood enters through an ______ and is pumped out through a _________
artium, ventricle
Single circulation
Blood leaving the heart passes through two capillary beds before returning
Organism with single circulation
Fish, bony rays, sharks
Number of chambers in single circulation heart
2
Organisms with double circulation
Amphibians, reptiles, and mammals
How blood flows in reptiles and mammals
Oxygen poor blood flows through the pulmonary circuit to pick up oxygen through the lungs
How blood flows in amphibians
Oxygen poor blood flows through a pulmocutaneous circuit to pick up oxygen through the lungs and skin
Oxygen rich blood delivers oxygen through the _____
Systemic circuit
Double circulation maintains higher/lower blood pressure in the organs than does single circulation
Higher
Double circulation in amphibians: oxygen pickup through _______
Lungs and skin
Number of chambers in the amphibian heart
3
Double circulation in mammals: oxygen pickup through _______
The lungs only, not the skin
Number of chambers in the mammal and bird heart
4
Evoluntionary variation in double circulation
Some vertebrates are intermittent breathers
EX: amphibians and reptiles may pass long periods of time without gas exchange or relying on gas exchange from another tissue (usually the skin)
In mammals and birds, the ____ side of the heart pumps and receives only oxygen rich blood, while the _____ side receives and pumps only oxygen poor blood
Left, right
Mammals and birds are _______ which require more ____ than ______
Endotherms, O2, exotherms
Number of chambers in reptile heart
3
