Organization of vertebrate circulatory systems

Question 1

Name of closed circulatory systems in vertebrates

Answer 1

Cardiovascular system

Question 2

Main types of vessels

Answer 2

1. arteries
2. veins
3. capillaries

Question 3

Direction of blood flow

Answer 3

One way

Question 4

How are arteries and veins distinguished

Answer 4

The direction of blood flow, not the O2 content

Question 5

Arteries

Answer 5

away from the heart

Question 6

Veins

Answer 6

towards the heart

Question 7

Number of chambers in vertebrate hearts

Answer 7

2 or more

Question 8

Blood enters through an ______ and is pumped out through a _________

Answer 8

artium, ventricle

Question 9

Single circulation

Answer 9

Blood leaving the heart passes through two capillary beds before returning

Question 10

Organism with single circulation

Answer 10

Fish, bony rays, sharks

Question 11

Number of chambers in single circulation heart

Answer 11

2

Question 12

Organisms with double circulation

Answer 12

Amphibians, reptiles, and mammals

Question 13

How blood flows in reptiles and mammals

Answer 13

Oxygen poor blood flows through the pulmonary circuit to pick up oxygen through the lungs

Question 14

How blood flows in amphibians

Answer 14

Oxygen poor blood flows through a pulmocutaneous circuit to pick up oxygen through the lungs and skin

Question 15

Oxygen rich blood delivers oxygen through the _____

Answer 15

Systemic circuit

Question 16

Double circulation maintains higher/lower blood pressure in the organs than does single circulation

Answer 16

Higher

Question 17

Double circulation in amphibians: oxygen pickup through _______

Answer 17

Lungs and skin

Question 18

Number of chambers in the amphibian heart

Answer 18

3

Question 19

Double circulation in mammals: oxygen pickup through _______

Answer 19

The lungs only, not the skin

Question 20

Number of chambers in the mammal and bird heart

Answer 20

4

Question 21

Evoluntionary variation in double circulation

Answer 21

Some vertebrates are intermittent breathers
EX: amphibians and reptiles may pass long periods of time without gas exchange or relying on gas exchange from another tissue (usually the skin)

Question 22

In mammals and birds, the ____ side of the heart pumps and receives only oxygen rich blood, while the _____ side receives and pumps only oxygen poor blood

Answer 22

Left, right

Question 23

Mammals and birds are _______ which require more ____ than ______

Answer 23

Endotherms, O2, exotherms

Question 24

Number of chambers in reptile heart

Answer 24

3