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BIO127 > Lab test 2 > Flashcards

Lab test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bones of the skull

A 
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Sphenoid 
Ethmoid
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2
Q

Sclera function

A

Protective outer layer of the eye (white of the eye)

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3
Q

Choroid function

A

A vascular layer membrane that separates the fibrous layer from the retina

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4
Q

Retina function

A

receive light that the lens has focused, convert light into neural signals and send signals to the brain for visual recognition

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5
Q

Optic nerve function

A

Transfer visual information from the retina to the vision centers of the brain via electrical impulses

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6
Q

Iris function

A

Responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light that reaches the retina

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7
Q

Lens function

A

Focuses light onto the retina and helps the eye focus on objects at various distances

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8
Q

Pupil function

A

Regulates the amount of light that enters the eye

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9
Q

Aqueous humor function

A

Distributes nutrients and waste, acts as a fluid cushion and helps retain eye shape

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10
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Holds retina in place and gives shape to the eye

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11
Q

Cornea function

A

Controls and focuses the entry of light into the eye

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12
Q

Ciliary body function

A

Contains ciliary muscle which controls the shape of the lens and ciliary epthelium which produces the aqueous humor

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13
Q

Rods funciton

A

Responsible for vision at low light levels

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14
Q

Cones function

A

Responsible for color vision and function best in bright light

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15
Q

Parts of vertabrae

A 
Cervical
Thoracic 
Lumbar 
Sacral
Coccygeal
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16
Q

Vitreous humor and aqueous humor role

A
  • The vitreous humor holds the retina in place and gives the eye shape
  • The aqueous humor distributes nutrients and waste, acts as a fluid cushion, and helps retain eye shape
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17
Q

Compare and contrast rods and cones

A

Rods are responsible for vision in low light levels. Cones are responsible for color vision and function best in bright light

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18
Q

Functions of the integumentary system

A

Acts as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. It also functions to retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste, and regulate body temperature

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19
Q

Functions of bone

A

Bone acts as a structural framework for tendons to attach to and provides support for soft tissue, protects internal organs from injury, and assists with movement

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20
Q

Functions of muscle

A

Movement, posture, joint stability and heat production

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21
Q

Muscles that make up the hamstrings

A

Semitendonosus
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus

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22
Q

Function of skeletal muscle

A

Movement, posture, generation of body heat and support of soft tissues

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23
Q

Function of smooth muscle

A

Involuntary muscle found in the walls of blood vessels, lining the viscera, and the iris where they serve to regulate the diameter of the eye’s pupils

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24
Q

Function of cardiac muscle

A

Pumps blood throughout the body. Found only in the heart

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25
Q

Auricle function

A

Gathers sound energy and focuses it on the eardrum

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26
Q

Types of auditory ossicles and function

A

Malleus, stapes, incus

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27
Q

How many cervical vertabrae

A

7

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28
Q

How many thoracic vertabrae

A

12

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29
Q

How many lumbar vetrabrae

A

5

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30
Q

How many sacrum vertabrae

A

5 fused

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31
Q

Function of auditory ossicles

A

Vibrate to amplify sound

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32
Q

Tympanic membrane function

A

Carry sound waves to the auditory ossicles

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33
Q

Cochlea function

A

Transform vibrations of the cochlear liquids into neural signal

34
Q

Vestibule function

A

Responds to changes in the position of the head with respect to gravity

35
Q

Vestibucocchlear nerve

A

Responsible for both hearing and equilibrium and brings information from the inner ear to the brain

36
Q

Parts of the rib cage

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid

37
Q

Parts of the upper limbs

A 
Clavicle 
Scapula
Humerus 
Radius 
Ulna 
Carpals
Phalanges
38
Q

Parts of the lower limbs

A 
Femur
Tibia 
Fibula 
Patella 
Tarsals 
Phalanges
39
Q

Parts of the pelvis

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubic

40
Q

Lobes of the cerebrum

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe

41
Q

Parietal lobe function

A

Perception of touch, pressure, pain, taste, temperature

42
Q

Temporal lobe function

A

Hearing, smell, memory, emotional behavior, visual recognition

43
Q

Occipital lobe function

A

Visual centers of the brain

44
Q

Frontal lobe function

A

Memory, planning, emotion, speech, judgement, mood, voluntary control of skeletal muscle, and aggression

45
Q

Meninges function

A

Protect and nourish the brain

46
Q

Importance of sutures

A

Allow for a tiny amount of movement. Contributes to the compliance and elasticity of the skull. Sutures allow the bones to move during the birth process. They act like an expansion joint, allowing the bone to enlarge evenly as the brain grows and the skull expands, resulting in a symmetrically shaped head

47
Q

Types of taste buds

A 
Sweet 
Salty 
Sour 
Bitter 
(Umami)
48
Q

Location of sweet taste buds

A

Tip of tongue

49
Q

Location of salty taste buds

A

Front and front sides of tongue

50
Q

Location of sour taste buds

A

Sides of tongue

51
Q

Location of bitter taste buds

A

Back of tongue

52
Q

Location of umami taste buds

A

Entire tongue

53
Q

Cerebrum function

A

Associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. Divided into four lobes

54
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Motor coordination, monitoring sensory input, muscle movements, and muscle tone

55
Q

Diencephalon function

A

Contains the epithalamus, thalamus and hypothalamus.

56
Q

Thalamus function

A

Final relay point for ascending sensory information going to the primary sensory cortex; involved in emotion, motivation, touch, pain, temperature, position, visual and auditory signals

57
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

Thirst, eating, body temperature, circadian rhythms

58
Q

Midbrain function

A

Associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/awake, arousal, and temperature regulation

59
Q

Pons function

A

Connects cerebellum to other parts of the brain and spinal cord; contains sensory and motor nuclei that involve sleep, respiration, swallowing, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movements, bladder control, and movements of the head

60
Q

Medulla function

A

Center for autonomic regulation of heartbeat, breathing, constriction and relaxation of blood vessels, sneezing, coughing, gagging, vomiting, hiccups, and swallowing

61
Q

Gray vs white matter

A

Gray matter contains the cell bodies, dendrites, and axon terminals of neurons. It includes regions of the brain involved in muscle control, and sensory perception such as seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making, and self-control.

White matter is composed of bundles of myelinated axons which connect various gray matter areas and carry nerve impulses between neurons

62
Q

Pathway of vision

A

light through the eye to the cornea -
aqueous humor - through pupil -
lens - vitreous humor - retina -
optic nerve - brain - the occipital lobe

63
Q

Ear’s role in balance

A

The inner ear is responsible for balance
Vestibular system: Balance organs in the inner ear tell the brain about the movements and position of your head. There is a set of three tubes (semi-circular canals) in each ear, and these sense when you move your head around and help keep your vision clear.

64
Q

Ear’s role in hearing

A

All three parts of the ear are involved in hearing. The outer ear is composed of the pinna, or ear lobe, and the external auditory canal. Both structures funnel sound waves towards the ear drum or tympanic membrane allowing it to vibrate.

65
Q

Types of joints

A
  1. Synarthrosis (no movement)
  2. Amphiarthrosis (little movement)
  3. Diarthrosis (free movement)
66
Q

Example of synarthrosis joints

A

sutures of the skull

67
Q

Example of amphiarthrosis joints

A

The articulation between the vertebrae at the intervertevral discs

68
Q

Example of amphiarthrosis joints

A

The articulation between the vertebrae at the intervertevral discs

69
Q

Example of diarthrosis joints (synovial)

A

knee, hip, ankle, elbow, shoulder

70
Q

Types of diarthrosis joints (synovial)

A
  • Hinge joints (elbow, knee)
  • Ball and socket (humerus/pectoral, femur/pelvis)
  • Gliding (wrists, ankles)
  • Pivot (atlas, axis)
71
Q

Flexion of the elbow example

A

Doing bicep curl weight lifting

72
Q

Extension of the knee example

A

Walking

73
Q

Opposition of the thumb example

A

Picking something up with your hand

74
Q

Eversion of the ankle

A

Rotating your ankle

75
Q

Adduction of the arm

A

Trying to hug someone

76
Q

Elevation of the shoulder

A

Shrugging your shoulders

77
Q

Rotation of the neck

A

Turning your head to look at something

78
Q

Circumduction of the arm

A

Swimming

79
Q

Compare and contrast the CNS and PNS

A
  • CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. With the help of the PNS, it has a fundamental role in the control of behavior.
  • PNS consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord. The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs
80
Q

Describe the basic types of odors

A
  1. Putrid
  2. Pungent
  3. Minty
  4. Floral
  5. Musky
  6. Ethereal
  7. Camphoraceous
  8. Fishy
81
Q

Two major functions of the ear

A

Hearing and balance

BIO127 (32 decks)

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