Lecture test 1: Scientific evidence of evolution

Question 1

4 types of data that document the pattern of evolution

Answer 1

1. Direct observation
2. Homology
3. Fossil record
4. Biogeography

Question 2

Direct observations of natural selection examples

Answer 2

1. Natural selection in response to introduced species

2. The evolution of drug resistant bacteria

Question 3

Natural selection in response to introduced species

Answer 3

(Direct observation) Soapberry bugs beak length

• Bugs that feed on large fruits have longer beaks
• Smaller fruit have smaller beaks
• Correlation of beak size and fruit size. Evolution by natural causes

Question 4

The evolution of drug resistant bacteria

Answer 4

(Direct observation) MRSA resistant to penicilin after 2 years and resistant to methicilin after 2 years. Resistant strains survive and reproduce

Question 5

Homology

Answer 5

Similarities resulting from common ancestry

Question 6

Homologous structures

Answer 6

(Homology) similar sturctures with similar function that result from a common ancestor

Question 7

Comparative embryology

Answer 7

(Homology) all vertabre embryos have post anal tail and phanygeal arches

Question 8

Vestigial structures

Answer 8

(Homology) remnants of features that served important functions in the organism’s ancestors
EX: snake pelvis

Question 9

Convergent evolution

Answer 9

(Homology) Results in analogous structures. Structures with similar functions in unrelated organisms due to similar environmental pressures. Unrelated organisms live in the same environments

Question 10

Analogous structures

Answer 10

(Homology) Similar functions in unrelated organisms

Question 11

Divergent evolution

Answer 11

(Homology) Results in homologous structures. Related organisms migrate to different environments

Question 12

Fossil record

Answer 12

provides evidence of the extinction of species, origin of new groups, and changes within groups over time

Question 13

Biogeography

Answer 13

Scientific study of the geographic distibution of species

Question 14

What allows us to predict how different groups evolved

Answer 14

(Biogeography) Pangea and the continental drift and modern distribution of species

Question 15

Endemic species

Answer 15

(Biogeography) species not found anywhere else in the world. Islands have endemic species most closely related to species on the mainland