Adaptive immunity defends against infection of body fluids and body cells

Question 1

Categories of immune response of B and T lymphocyted

Answer 1

Humoral and cell mediated

Question 2

Humoral response

Answer 2

Antibodies help neutralize or eliminate toxins and pathogens in the blood and lymph

Question 3

Cell mediated response

Answer 3

Specialized T cells destroy affected host cells

Question 4

Helper T cell

Answer 4

Type of T cell that triggers both the humoral and cell mediated responses

Question 5

What do signals from helped T cells do

Answer 5

Initiate production of antibodies that neutralize pathogens and activate T cells that kill infected cells

Question 6

Antigen presenting cells

Answer 6

Have class I and class II MHC molecules on their surfaces

Question 7

MHC

Answer 7

a set of cell surface proteins essential for the acquired immune system to recognize foreign molecules in vertebrates

Question 8

Function of MHC

Answer 8

bind peptide fragments derived from pathogens and display them on the cell surface for recognition by the appropriate T cells

Question 9

Class II MHC molecules

Answer 9

The basis upon which antigen presenting cells are recognized. Antigen receptors on the surface of helper T cells bind to the antigen and the class II MHC molecule and signals are exchanged between the two cells.

Question 10

After the helper T cell is activated by binding to the class II MHC, what happens

Answer 10

The helper T cell is activated, proliferates, and forms a clone of helper T cells which then activate the appropriate B cells

Question 11

Class I MHC

Answer 11

Presented on surface of all nucelated cells and interact with cytotoxic T cells

Question 12

Class I MHC vs Class II MHC

Answer 12

Class I: present on surface of all nucelated cells, mainly interact with cytotoxic T cells, has a long alpha chain and short beta chain

Class II: present on surface of antigen presenting cells such as dentritic cells, B cells, and macrophages, mainly interact with helper T cells, has a roughly identical alpha and beta chain

Question 13

Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 13

Use toxic proteins to kill cells infected by viruses or other intracellular pathogens

Question 14

What do cytotoxic T cells recognize

Answer 14

Fragments of foreign proteins produced by infected cells

Question 15

What does the cytotoxic T cell secrete

Answer 15

Proteins that disrupt the membranes of target cells and trigger apoptosis (poke holes in the membrane)

Question 16

What do cytotoxic T cells rely on the presence of

Answer 16

Class I MHC

Question 17

CD4

Answer 17

glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells

Question 18

CD8

Answer 18

transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR). Like the TCR, CD8 binds to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, but is specific for the class I MHC protein.

Question 19

Role of Cd4 and Cd8

Answer 19

Interact with MHC. They are present on T cells