Organisms Exchange Substances with their Environment: Mass Transport in Animals - Structure of the Heart

Question 1

What are the two chambers of the heart called?

Answer 1

• Atria

- Ventricles

Question 2

Which side of the heart carries deoxygenated and oxygenated blood?

Answer 2

• Right side pumps deoxygenated blood to heart and lungs

- Left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body

Question 3

Name the arteries and veins of the heart

Answer 3

• Vena cava
• Aorta
• Pulmonary artery
• Pulmonary vein

Question 4

Where is the aorta and what is its function?

Answer 4

• Connected to the left ventricle

- Carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body except the lungs

Question 5

Where is the vena cava and what is its function?

Answer 5

• Connected to the right atrium

- Brings deoxygenated blood back from the tissues except the lungs

Question 6

Where is the pulmonary artery and what is its function?

Answer 6

• Connected to the right ventricle

- Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it is oxygenated and the carbon dioxide is removed

Question 7

Where is the pulmonary vein and what is its function?

Answer 7

• Connected to the left atrium

- Brings oxygenated blood back from the lungs

Question 8

Describe direction of blood flow in heart

Answer 8

• Deoxygenated blood enters heart through vena cava, then to right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary artery
• Pulmonary artery leads to lungs and deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated
• Oxygenated blood returns to heart through pulmonary vein to left atrium, left ventricle
• Oxygenated blood flows to aorta and rest of body

Question 9

Where are the atrioventricular valves and what are their function?

Answer 9

• Found in between atria and ventricles

- Stops blood flowing back into atria when ventricles contract in atrial systole

Question 10

Where are the semi-lunar valves and what are their function?

Answer 10

• Found in between pulmonary artery/aorta and ventricles

- Stops blood flowing back into heart after ventricles contract in ventricular systole

Question 11

Describe the structure of the ventricles

Answer 11

• Thicker muscular walls than atria
- Atria only need to pump blood into ventricles, but ventricles need to pump blood to lungs/body

• Left ventricle thicker than right

• Allows it to contract more powerfully
• Blood needs to be pumped around whole body rather than just to lungs