Cells: Structure of Eukaryotic Cells - Structure of Organelles

Question 1

What is the structure of the cell-surface membrane?

Answer 1

• Phospholipid bilayer with proteins and cholesterol embedded within it
• Glycolipids and glycoproteins in the surface

Question 2

What is the structure of the nucleus?

Answer 2

• Surrounded by a double membrane nuclear envelope with nuclear pores
• Contains chromosomes and one or more nucleolus

Question 3

What is the structure of the mitochondria?

Answer 3

• Double membrane organelle
• The inner membrane is folded
• Contains a fluid centre called the matrix - contains enzymes involved in respiration

Question 4

What is the structure of the chloroplasts?

Answer 4

• Surrounded by a double membrane
• Contains thylakoids, which are folded membrane containing chlorophyll pigments
• Thylakoids are stacked up to form grana
• Grana are linked together by lamella
• Lamella are thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane
• Contains a fluid centre, the stroma

Question 5

What is the structure of the lysosomes?

Answer 5

• A round organelle surrounded by a membrane, with no clear internal structure
• Formed when the Golgi apparatus contains hydrolytic enzymes

Question 6

What is the structure of the ribosomes?

Answer 6

• A very small organelle that floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Made up of proteins and RNA
• Not surrounded by a membrane

Question 7

What is the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 7

• A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space

- Surface is covered with ribosomes

Question 8

What is the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 8

• A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space

- Similar to RER but with no ribosomes on the outer surface

Question 9

What is the structure of the cell wall?

Answer 9

• Rigid structure found in plants, algae and fungi
• In algae and plants, it is made of cellulose
• In fungi, it is made of chitin
• In bacteria, it is made of murein

Question 10

What is the structure of the cell vacuole?

Answer 10

• A membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm
• Contains a weak solution of sugar and salts
• The membrane around a cell vacuole is called the tonoplast

Question 11

What is the structure of the vesicles?

Answer 11

• Vesicles are tiny sacs
• They contain a liquid or cytoplasm
• They have membranes

Question 12

What is the structure of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 12

• A group of fluid-filled membrane-bound flattened sacs

- Vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs

Question 13

What is the structure of the golgi vesicles?

Answer 13

• A small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane
• Produced by the Golgi apparatus