Genetics: DNA & Protein Synthesis - RNA & Genome Flashcards
What is the genome?
- The complete set of genetic information contained in the cells of an organism
What is the preteome?
- The complete set of proteins that can be produced by a cell
What are the three types of RNA?
- Ribosomal RNA, rRNA
- Messenger RNA, mRNA
- Transfer RNA, tRNA (involved in translation, not transcription)
What is RNA?
- Transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
Which bases differ in RNA and DNA?
- Thymine in DNA is uracil in RNA
Describe the structure of messenger RNA (mRNA)
• Single polynucleotide strand
- Helical shape
- No hydrogen bonds between complementary bases (no complementary bases to bond to)
• Pentose sugar
- Ribose
• Bases
- Uracil, adenine, guanine, cytosine
• Phosphate group
Describe the base sequence of mRNA in relation to DNA
- Base sequence is complementary to the DNA it was transcribed from
What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
- Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes, where it’s used to make a protein during translation
When is messenger RNA (mRNA) made?
- mRNA is made during transcription
What is a group of three adjacent bases in mRNA called?
- Codons
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
- tRNA is involved in translation
- Carries the amino acids that are used to make proteins to the ribosomes
Describe the structure of transfer RNA (tRNA)
• Single polynucleotide strand
- Folded into a clover shape
• Hydrogen bonds
- Present
- Between specific base pairs hold molecules in place
• Amino acid binding site
- Binds to a specific amino acid
• Anticodon
- Specific sequence of 3 bases at bottom
What is a group of three adjacent bases in tRNA called?
- Anticodon
- Located at bottom end of clover leaf
What bases are there in RNA and what are the complementary base pairs?
- Uracil, adenine, guanine, cytosine
- Uracil and adenine
- Guanine and cytosine
