Organic Chemistry Flashcards
what is organic chemistry?
the process of matter being composed using carbon atom as a base
what are the six most common elements in order?
CHNOPS
what do you know about hydrocarbons?
- long carbon chains that consist of covalently bonded hydrogen molecules with carbon molecules
- they vary in length
- they can be branched or unbranched
- can form rings of cyclic shapes
- can have double or triple bonds that vary in location
- open rings compounds chains are always aliphatic
- aromatic meaning it produces a smell
what are the functional groups that can be attached to carbon atoms?
carboxyl, amino, phosphate, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, hydroxyl
hydroxyl
chemical formula
-OH
structural formula
-OH
ball and stick
found in alcohols (ethanol)
alcohols with only one -OH group are called mono hydroxyl alcohols
glycerol plus three fatty acids, once they form an ester bond they become triglyceride
what are alcohols with only one OH called?
monohydroxyl
amino
chemical formula
- NH2
- N-H-H
found in bases ammonia
eg vinegar
long chains of amino acids are called proteins
chain containing an amino group is called amines
sulfhydryl
consisting of sulphur bonded to a hydrogen atom
- SH
- S-H
found in rubber
phosphate
chemical structure
-PO4
O
-O-P-O-
O
found in ATP
carbonyl
- COH -CO-
- C=O
H
in aldehydes (formaldehyde)
and ketones (acetone)
what is an r group?
a side chain that consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms
Bonding capacities
the number of covalent bonds a molecule can make
HOSNCP
H=1
O=2
S=3
N=
C=4
P=5
what do functional groups do?
they provide the chemical properties
electronegativity
a property that determines the tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself.
increases as you move right across the periodic table
decreases as you move down a group
fluorine 4.0, and cesium 0.7
like popularity contest; whichever atom has the higher number they will gain electrons and the opposing will give up electrons to join them
