4.5 Endocrine Systems

Question 1

What is the appearance of protein hormones?

Answer 1

Chains of amino acids in varying length

Question 2

What are the characteristics if protein hormones? (2)

Answer 2

Water soluble

Lipid insolubility meaning they’re unable to pass the phospholipid bilayer of cells and rely on second messengers

Question 3

Where do protein hormones come from?

Answer 3

Secreated by the pituitary gland

Question 4

What is the main job of the posterior pituitary?

Answer 4

(posterior meaning bottom part)

Store and release hormones

Question 5

Where did the hormones in the posterior pituitary come from?

Answer 5

The hormones found were produced by the hypothalamus

Question 6

What hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 6

Oxytocin

Antidireric hormone a.k.a vasopressin

Question 7

Does the anterior pituitary produce it’s own hormones?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

How does the anterior pituitary get its nerves? What is the significance of this?

Answer 8

It is richly supplied with nerves from the hypothalamus.The hypothalamus sends hormones to the pituitary to activate the release of other hormones

Question 9

What are some Polypeptide hormones? (3)

Answer 9

Prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormones, human growth hormone

Question 10

What are some Glycoproteins?

Answer 10

Thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormones, endorphins

Question 11

What are endorphins?

Answer 11

Pain inhibitor neurotransmitter

Question 12

What two general things are secreted by cells in the pancreas?

Answer 12

One produced digestive enzymes and the other produces hormones

Question 13

Where are hormonal cells located in the pancreas? What do they contain?

Answer 13

Islets of langerhans. 2000 islets contain alpha and beta cells

Question 14

What do the beta cells in the pancreas produce?

Answer 14

Insulin

Question 15

What do the alpha cells in the pancreas produce?

Answer 15

Glucagon

Question 16

Where is the thyroid located?

Answer 16

At the base (bottom) of the neck in front of the trachea

Question 17

What
three hormones does the thyroid produce? (TTC)

Answer 17

Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin

Question 18

Where is the structure of the parathyroid and where is it located?

Answer 18

Four smaller glands hidden within the corners of the thyroid

Question 19

Is parathyroid regulated by other nerves or hormones?what does parathyroid respond to? What hormone does the parathyroid produce?

Answer 19

Not regulated by nerve or other hormones

Respond directly to changes in their chemical environment

Produces parathyroid hormone

Question 20

What is a benefit of the heart/ atrial-naturiuretic/atrial-naturiuretic factor? What does it directly affect? What does it store?

Answer 20

It is a powerful vasodilator (widening of blood vessels to relax them) meaning it is used to reduced blood pressure.

Directly affects the renal, vascular, and cardiac system

Stores adipose tissue

Question 21

What is the gastrointestinal tract used for? What is the appearance of the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 21

The organ that food and liquids travel through when they are swallowed, digested and absorbed

Series of hollow organs joined in the long line, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus

Question 22

What are the digestive enzymes produced in the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 22

Cholecystokinin, gatrin

Question 23

What acids does gastrin release in the stomach? Which region of the stomach does it contract the most? Why is it produced?

Answer 23

Release hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Contracts pyloric ( small intestine) region of stomach

Increases motility (movement) for digestion

Question 24

What does cholecystokinin in the gall bladder release?

Answer 24

Release bile

Question 25

What is the function of secretin in the pancreas?

Answer 25

Secrete water and bicarbonate

Question 26

What hormone does the adipose tissue store ?

Answer 26

Stores leptin