4.5 Endocrine Systems Flashcards
What is the appearance of protein hormones?
Chains of amino acids in varying length
What are the characteristics if protein hormones? (2)
Water soluble
Lipid insolubility meaning they’re unable to pass the phospholipid bilayer of cells and rely on second messengers
Where do protein hormones come from?
Secreated by the pituitary gland
What is the main job of the posterior pituitary?
(posterior meaning bottom part)
Store and release hormones
Where did the hormones in the posterior pituitary come from?
The hormones found were produced by the hypothalamus
What hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin
Antidireric hormone a.k.a vasopressin
Does the anterior pituitary produce it’s own hormones?
Yes
How does the anterior pituitary get its nerves? What is the significance of this?
It is richly supplied with nerves from the hypothalamus.The hypothalamus sends hormones to the pituitary to activate the release of other hormones
What are some Polypeptide hormones? (3)
Prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormones, human growth hormone
What are some Glycoproteins?
Thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormones, endorphins
What are endorphins?
Pain inhibitor neurotransmitter
What two general things are secreted by cells in the pancreas?
One produced digestive enzymes and the other produces hormones
Where are hormonal cells located in the pancreas? What do they contain?
Islets of langerhans. 2000 islets contain alpha and beta cells
What do the beta cells in the pancreas produce?
Insulin
What do the alpha cells in the pancreas produce?
Glucagon
Where is the thyroid located?
At the base (bottom) of the neck in front of the trachea
What
three hormones does the thyroid produce? (TTC)
Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin
Where is the structure of the parathyroid and where is it located?
Four smaller glands hidden within the corners of the thyroid
Is parathyroid regulated by other nerves or hormones?what does parathyroid respond to? What hormone does the parathyroid produce?
Not regulated by nerve or other hormones
Respond directly to changes in their chemical environment
Produces parathyroid hormone
What is a benefit of the heart/ atrial-naturiuretic/atrial-naturiuretic factor? What does it directly affect? What does it store?
It is a powerful vasodilator (widening of blood vessels to relax them) meaning it is used to reduced blood pressure.
Directly affects the renal, vascular, and cardiac system
Stores adipose tissue
What is the gastrointestinal tract used for? What is the appearance of the gastrointestinal tract?
The organ that food and liquids travel through when they are swallowed, digested and absorbed
Series of hollow organs joined in the long line, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus
What are the digestive enzymes produced in the gastrointestinal tract?
Cholecystokinin, gatrin
What acids does gastrin release in the stomach? Which region of the stomach does it contract the most? Why is it produced?
Release hydrochloric acid and pepsin
Contracts pyloric ( small intestine) region of stomach
Increases motility (movement) for digestion
What does cholecystokinin in the gall bladder release?
Release bile
What is the function of secretin in the pancreas?
Secrete water and bicarbonate
What hormone does the adipose tissue store ?
Stores leptin
