4.3 Urinary System Slideshow Flashcards
What is the purpose of the urinary system? (4)
- Eliminate waste from the body
- Regulate volume and blood pressure
- Control levels of electrolytes and metabolites
- Regulate blood pH
How is urine formed by the kidneys?
Through the filtration of blood through the kidneys
What is the cortex?
The outer layer of the kidney
What is the medulla?
Inner region of the kidneys
Artery vs Vein?
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (a for away) whereas veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
What does the renal artery do?
Carry oxygenated blood from the aorta to the kidneys
What does the renal vein do?
Carried deoxygenated blood from the kidneys back to the heart
What is the job of the renal pelvis?
Join the kidneys to the ureters (stating point for ureters)
What is the bladder surrounded by?
Stretch receptor muscles
What is the job of the urinary sphincter?
Muscle that acts as a valve for the bladders urine storage
Valve: device the opens and closes to control the flow of liquids
What is the appearance of afferent arterioles?
Small branches stemming from the renal artery
What is the job of the afferent arterioles?
Give blood to the nephron
What is the Nephron?
Set of filtering units in the kidneys
What is the structure of the glomerulus?
A capillary bed: a network of small blood vessels that allow to exchange of gas, water and nutrients
What is a blood vessel?
A tube used to circulate blood through the body
How does glomerulus get blood?
The afferent arterioles supply the glomerulus with blood for filtration
What is the job of the glomerulus?
It is the site of filtration: filters the blood
How does the efferent arterioles help filtration?
Proteins, blood cells and platelet from the glomerulus exits using this tube to a capillary net because they are too big for the nephron
What is the appearance of the peritubular capillaries?
A capillary net surrounding the tubes of the nephron
What is reabsorption?
Movement of substances from the nephron back into the blood
What is secretion?
Movement of substances form the blood into the nephron
What is the job of the proximal tubule?
Reabsorb nutrients, water and sodium back into the blood via active and passive transport and secrete H+ and reabsorb HCO-3 to control pH
What happens to substances that are not reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?
Are transported to the loop of henle and the proximal tubule for further urine refinement
What is the appearance of the loop of henle?
Dips into the medulla which has a high salt concentration
Why is there a high concentration of salt in the medulla?
Encourages water reabsorption
Which side of the loop of henle is sodium reabsorbed
In the ascending loop
What is the job of the distal tubule?
The content of urine are further refined
Further regulation of potassium and sodium chloride
Secretion if H+ and reabsorption of HCO3
What is the job of the collecting duct?
Collect urine
Final site of water reabsorption
What is the consequence of water deprivation?
Increase blood solute concentrations
triggers the release of anti diuretic hormone
Thrist
Darker pee
Where are the receptors of antidirectic hormone located?
On the distal tubule of the kidney nephron
What does the release of the anti directive hormone do to the kidneys?
stimulates kidneys to retain water and lower urine output
What is the renin angiotensin aldosterone system use for?
Acts as a signalling pathway responsible for regulating bodies blood pressure
What is the renin angiotensin aldosterone hormone stimulated by?
Low blood pressure or certain nerve impulses
What releases renin and what is the significance of this?
The kidneys release renin triggering a signal transduction pathway. More specifically, renin splits the protein angiotensin producing angiotensin l. This is conveted into another enzyme using the angiotensin converting enzyme into angiotensin ll
What is the function of angiotensin II?
Cause blood vessels to narrow and stimulates the secretion of the water retaining hormone vasopressin form the pituitary gland along with adrenaline, noradrenaline and aldosterone in the adrenal gland
What do adrenaline and noradrenaline do?
Enhance vasoconstriction: the narrowing of blood vessels
What does aldosterone do?
Influence filtration of the kidneys
Cause kidneys to retina more sodium and water and e create more potassium
