4.3 Urinary System Slideshow

Question 1

What is the purpose of the urinary system? (4)

Answer 1

1. Eliminate waste from the body
2. Regulate volume and blood pressure
3. Control levels of electrolytes and metabolites
4. Regulate blood pH

Question 2

How is urine formed by the kidneys?

Answer 2

Through the filtration of blood through the kidneys

Question 3

What is the cortex?

Answer 3

The outer layer of the kidney

Question 4

What is the medulla?

Answer 4

Inner region of the kidneys

Question 5

Artery vs Vein?

Answer 5

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (a for away) whereas veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 6

What does the renal artery do?

Answer 6

Carry oxygenated blood from the aorta to the kidneys

Question 7

What does the renal vein do?

Answer 7

Carried deoxygenated blood from the kidneys back to the heart

Question 8

What is the job of the renal pelvis?

Answer 8

Join the kidneys to the ureters (stating point for ureters)

Question 9

What is the bladder surrounded by?

Answer 9

Stretch receptor muscles

Question 10

What is the job of the urinary sphincter?

Answer 10

Muscle that acts as a valve for the bladders urine storage

Valve: device the opens and closes to control the flow of liquids

Question 11

What is the appearance of afferent arterioles?

Answer 11

Small branches stemming from the renal artery

Question 12

What is the job of the afferent arterioles?

Answer 12

Give blood to the nephron

Question 13

What is the Nephron?

Answer 13

Set of filtering units in the kidneys

Question 14

What is the structure of the glomerulus?

Answer 14

A capillary bed: a network of small blood vessels that allow to exchange of gas, water and nutrients

Question 15

What is a blood vessel?

Answer 15

A tube used to circulate blood through the body

Question 16

How does glomerulus get blood?

Answer 16

The afferent arterioles supply the glomerulus with blood for filtration

Question 17

What is the job of the glomerulus?

Answer 17

It is the site of filtration: filters the blood

Question 18

How does the efferent arterioles help filtration?

Answer 18

Proteins, blood cells and platelet from the glomerulus exits using this tube to a capillary net because they are too big for the nephron

Question 19

What is the appearance of the peritubular capillaries?

Answer 19

A capillary net surrounding the tubes of the nephron

Question 20

What is reabsorption?

Answer 20

Movement of substances from the nephron back into the blood

Question 21

What is secretion?

Answer 21

Movement of substances form the blood into the nephron

Question 22

What is the job of the proximal tubule?

Answer 22

Reabsorb nutrients, water and sodium back into the blood via active and passive transport and secrete H+ and reabsorb HCO-3 to control pH

Question 23

What happens to substances that are not reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?

Answer 23

Are transported to the loop of henle and the proximal tubule for further urine refinement

Question 24

What is the appearance of the loop of henle?

Answer 24

Dips into the medulla which has a high salt concentration

Question 25

Why is there a high concentration of salt in the medulla?

Answer 25

Encourages water reabsorption

Question 26

Which side of the loop of henle is sodium reabsorbed

Answer 26

In the ascending loop

Question 27

What is the job of the distal tubule?

Answer 27

The content of urine are further refined

Further regulation of potassium and sodium chloride

Secretion if H+ and reabsorption of HCO3

Question 28

What is the job of the collecting duct?

Answer 28

Collect urine

Final site of water reabsorption

Question 29

What is the consequence of water deprivation?

Answer 29

Increase blood solute concentrations

triggers the release of anti diuretic hormone

Thrist

Darker pee

Question 30

Where are the receptors of antidirectic hormone located?

Answer 30

On the distal tubule of the kidney nephron

Question 31

What does the release of the anti directive hormone do to the kidneys?

Answer 31

stimulates kidneys to retain water and lower urine output

Question 32

What is the renin angiotensin aldosterone system use for?

Answer 32

Acts as a signalling pathway responsible for regulating bodies blood pressure

Question 33

What is the renin angiotensin aldosterone hormone stimulated by?

Answer 33

Low blood pressure or certain nerve impulses

Question 34

What releases renin and what is the significance of this?

Answer 34

The kidneys release renin triggering a signal transduction pathway. More specifically, renin splits the protein angiotensin producing angiotensin l. This is conveted into another enzyme using the angiotensin converting enzyme into angiotensin ll

Question 35

What is the function of angiotensin II?

Answer 35

Cause blood vessels to narrow and stimulates the secretion of the water retaining hormone vasopressin form the pituitary gland along with adrenaline, noradrenaline and aldosterone in the adrenal gland

Question 36

What do adrenaline and noradrenaline do?

Answer 36

Enhance vasoconstriction: the narrowing of blood vessels

Question 37

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 37

Influence filtration of the kidneys

Cause kidneys to retina more sodium and water and e create more potassium