2.9 Thermodynamics and Metabolism Flashcards
What is an anabolic reaction? Example?
A metabolic reaction requires and input of energy because it builds larger molecules from smaller molecules.
for example, the building of glucose by plants during photosynthesis.
What is a catabolic reaction?
A metabolic reaction that release energy by breaking apart larger molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and fat into smaller molecules or their subunits
What is metabolism?
The sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions in a cell and organism
what is potential energy converted into? Example in terms of glucose?
useful free energy in the form of ATP that can do work
Ex the potentially energy stored in the bonds in glucose break to make ATP
What does the first law of thermodynamics state? example?
Energy can not be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another
If a process in the body appears to gain (or need) energy, it does so at the expense (or release) of energy somewhere else in the body.
Ex, when work is done in the cells of the body, energy, is transformed from one type of energy to another
What is chemical potential energy?
Stored energy that has the potential to do work
Why is reaction coupling important?
It’s the reason all reactions in the body are able to work
- the foundation of metabolism
What is entropy?
Entropy is the measure of randomness of disorder in a collection of molecules
When is entropy increased?
When large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules
What is the second law of thermodynamics states?
The entropy of the universe increases with any change that occurs
Exergonic reaction products vs reactants energy amount
Products have less free energy than the reactants
Endergonic reaction reactant vs products? why?
-Products have more free energy than the reactants
-The reactants absorb energy which means that the products have more energy than the reactants.
What is free energy in terms of reactants and products
the potential energy difference between reactants and products
How do living organisms violate the second law of thermodynamics?
by building highly order structures
-ex a tree seed growing into a tree
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space examples cells in the body are matter
energy
-the ability to do work
what are the two types of energy?
potential energy and kinetic energy
potential energy
the energy held by an object due to its position or the arrangement of its atoms
for example, a rock about to fall off a cliff has high potential energy because there is a lot of distance between the rock and the ground
kinetic energy
the energy an object has in motion
redox reaction
oxidation and reduction occurring together
oil rig
oxidation loses electrons, reduction gains electrons
why is photosynthesis an endergonic reaction?
requires the net input of Free Energy because it decreases Entropy by building glucose molecules
how is reaction coupling used in photosynthesis?
The same amount of energy needed by photosynthesis is provided by cellular respiration. cellular respiration is coupled with the energy needed
what is the entire basis of metabolism?
reaction coupling
what does cellular respiration use to break chemical bonds in glucose? what does this do?
Cellular Respiration uses oxygen to break the chemical bonds in glucose. This releases the chemical potential energy that is stored in the bond.
