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old GCSE Chemistry > Organic 3 > Flashcards

Organic 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What functional group do alcohols contain?

A

-OH

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2
Q

Word equation for the combustion of ethanol

A

Ethanol + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

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3
Q

Symbol equation for combustion of ethanol

A

C2H5OH + 3O2 -> 2CO2 + 3H2O

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4
Q

Three ways ethanol can be oxidised:

A
  • burning in air or oxygen (complete combustion)
  • reaction with oxygen in the air to form ethanoic acid (microbial oxidation)
  • heating with potassium dichromate (VI) in dilute sulfuric acid to form ethanoic acid
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5
Q

Word equation for oxidation of ethanol to form ethanoic acid as a result of microbial action.

A

Ethanol + Oxygen -> ethanoic acid

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6
Q

Colour of potassium dichromate solution before + after heating

A

Orange

Green

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7
Q

Observations of oxidation of ethanol with potassium dichromate

A

Product smells like vinegar

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8
Q

Word equation of ethanol being oxidised with potassium dichromate

A

Ethanol + oxygen -> ethanoic acid + water

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9
Q

Ethanoic acid formula

A

CH3COOH

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10
Q

Give 2 ways to manufacture ethanol

A
  • reacting ethene with steam

- fermentation of glucose

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11
Q

Conditions needed for reaction of ethene with steam

A
  • 300 C
  • 60-70 atm pressure
  • phosphoric acid
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12
Q

Fermentation of glucose word equation

A

Glucose -> ethanol + CO2

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13
Q

Conditions needed for fermentation of glucose

A

Sugar in water, yeast, temperature of 30-40C, absence of air

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14
Q

Why must there be an absence of air for fermentation of glucose to occur

A

Otherwise the ethanol will oxidise and become sour

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15
Q

Why must temperature be 30-40C for fermentation of yeast?

A

Yeast is a living organism and its optimum temperature for fermentation is 35C. At higher temperatures the reaction nearly stops as the enzyme is denatured.

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16
Q

Difference between fermentation and hydration of ethene in terms of the type of process.

A

Fermentation - inefficient batch process where everything is put into a container and left until fermentation is complete.
Hydration- an efficient continuous flow process.

17
Q

Difference between fermentation and hydration of ethene in terms of the rate of reaction.

A

Fermentation - very slow

Hydration- very rapid

18
Q

Difference between fermentation and hydration of ethene in terms of the quality of product.

A

Fermentation- produces very impure ethanol which needs further processing
Hydration- produces much purer ethanol

19
Q

Difference between fermentation and hydration of ethene in terms of the reaction conditions.

A

Fermentation- uses gentle temperatures and atmospheric pressure
Hydration- uses high temperatures and pressures, needing a lot of energy input

20
Q

Difference between fermentation and hydration of ethene in terms of the use of resources.

A

Fermentation- uses renewable resources based on plant material
Hydration- uses finite resources based on crude oil.

21
Q

Method to make an ester

A
  • 1cm ethanoic acid + 2cm ethanol + 2 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid (acting as catalyst)
  • hot water bath 5 mins
  • 20 cm3 sodium carbonate in beaker then pour solution in it (this will neutralise any remaining acid)
22
Q

Definition of a weak acid

A

An acid that forms a small number of hydrogen ions when it dissolves in water. Weak acids only partially dissociate into ions.

23
Q

Are carboxylic acids strong or weak acids?

A

Weak

24
Q

What is vinegar

A

An aqueous solution containing ethanoic acid

25
Q

Functional group of an ester

A

-COO-

26
Q

Properties of an ester

A

Esters are volatile compounds with distinctive smells and are used as food flavourings and in perfumes

27
Q

How to make an ester (NOT METHOD)

A

ALCOHOL + CARBOXYLIC ACID

28
Q

How to form a condensation polymer

A

DICARBOXYLIC ACID + DIOL

29
Q

Solution to problems with polymers

A

To produce more types of biodegradable polymers. The polyesters that are biodegradable are referred to as biopolyesters.

30
Q

Example of biopolyesters advantages and disadvantages

A

Corn starch polymers
+ renewable
+ biodegradable
+ does not release toxic gases when burned
+ can be recycled
- large areas of land are needed to grow the crops and corn used
- this reduces the amount available as a food crop

31
Q

Definition of an addition polymer

A

Monomers join together to make one long molecule (polymer) with no other product

32
Q

Definition of condensation polymer

A

Monomers join together to make a polymer plus a small molecule

old GCSE Chemistry (34 decks)

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