Organic 1 Flashcards
Homologous series
A group of compounds that can all be represented with the same general formula and same functional group and trend in physical properties.
Hydrocarbon
A compound containing hydrogen and carbon only
Functional group
A group of atoms that determine how a compound typically reacts.
Isomer
A compound that has the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.
Crude oil
A mixture of hydrocarbons
Fuel
A substance that, when burned, releases heat energy
Saturated
Contains single covalent bonds only
Alkanes
Compounds in crude oil which are saturated hydrocarbons
As the length of the carbon chain of alkanes increases…
Boiling point increases Become more viscous Less flammable Darker in colour Produce more soot
Describe fractional distillation
- Crude oil is vaporised
- The fractioning column is hot at the bottom and cold at the top
- The fraction condenses in the fractioning column Jen the temperature is equal to its boiling point
- Short chains= low boiling points = come out at top
- The liquid is then piped off and the rest of the gases continue to rise.
List the fractions from coolest to hottest
Refinery gases Gasoline Naphtha Kerosene Diesel oil Fuel oil Residue
List tests for water
- Anhydrous CuSO4 (white solids -> blue solid)
- Cobalt chloride (blue solid -> pink solid)
- Measuring boiling point (100C)
Equation of combustion
Hydrocarbon + O2 -> CO2 + H2O
Use of refinery gases
Bottled gases
Uses of gasoline (petrol)
Fuel for cars
