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old GCSE Chemistry > electrolysis > Flashcards

electrolysis Flashcards

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1
Q

define electrolysis

A

when electric current is used to break down a compound that is made of ions into simpler substances.

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2
Q

what is the positive electrode called?

A

the anode

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3
Q

what is the negative electrode called?

A

the cathode

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4
Q

give 2 examples of materials that could be used to make electrodes and explain why they are used

A
  • graphite or platinum

- these are unreactive materials which will not react with the electrolyte/products formed during electrolysis.

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5
Q

define the electrolyte

A

what will be electrolysed

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6
Q

which electrode are
1. cations
2. anions
attracted to?

A
  1. cations are attracted to the cathode

2. anions are attracted to the anode.

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7
Q

why must ionic substances be molten in order to be electrolysed?

A

so that the ionic lattice is broken down and the ions are free to move and carry the charge.

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8
Q

what happens to the ions at the electrodes?

A

they become discharged

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9
Q

does reduction or oxidation happen at the cathode and why?

A

reduction happens at the cathode as the positive ions gain electrons.

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10
Q

does reduction or oxidation happen at the anode?

A

oxidation happens at the anode as the ions lose electrons.

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11
Q

what does NILE PIG stand for?

A

negative ions lose electrons, positive ions gain.

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12
Q

write an ionic equation to show how sodium is discharged

A

Na+1 + e- –> Na

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13
Q

write an ionic equation to show how chlorine is discharged.

A

2Cl-1 -> Cl2 + 2e-

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14
Q

give the ionic equation for the discharge of hydrogen

A

2H+ + 2e- -> H2

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15
Q

give the ionic equation for the discharge of hydroxide ions

A

4OH- -> 2H2O + O2 + 4e-

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16
Q

how is the order of discharge decided at the CATHODE?

A
  • the least reactive ion is discharged

- hydrogen is less reactive than lead but more reactive than copper, silver, gold.

17
Q

name the order of discharge at the ANODE

A 
carbonate (stay in solution)
nitrate (stay in solution)
sulphate (stay in solution)
HYDROXIDE, from water
chloride (discharged)
bromide (discharged)
iodide (discharged)

old GCSE Chemistry (34 decks)

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