Organelles

Question 1

What organelles are associated with protein synthesis?

Answer 1

Ribosomes- translates mRNA into proteins - rER proteins are modified - Golgi apparatus via vesicular transport for further modification - vesicular transport carries them to other organelles

Question 2

Where are cytoplasm proteins synthesized?

Answer 2

free ribosomes

Question 3

Where are organelle destined proteins synthesized?

Answer 3

ribosomes bound to the rER

Question 4

Define glycosylation

Answer 4

a modification that is performed in the ER to
-protect protein from degredatio
-hold protein in the ER until folded
- transport signaling for packaging into vesicles

Question 5

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 5

Translation modification, sorting, and packaging. It produces heterogeneity

Question 6

What is the role of the sER?

Answer 6

-Production and storage of carbohydrates
-detoxification of some drugs
-steroid hormone + lipoprotein synthesis
-sequestration of Ca+ for muscle contraction

Question 7

What are the roles of Lysosomes?

Answer 7

The digestive system and recycling plant of the cell
- has a low lumen pH
-contains >40 digestive enzymes

Question 8

What are the roles of peroxisomes?

Answer 8

Contains enzymes that produce H2O2
-used to oxidize + detoxify chemicals
-oxidation rxn used to break down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA

Question 9

What is the role of the Mitochondria?

Answer 9

Contributes to cytoplasm eosinophilia
Has circular DNA
Capable of ind replication
Has ribosomes and ability to synthesize proteins, although most of its proteins are made by the cell and imported
Production of ATP
Steroid protein synthesis
Initiate apoptosis

Question 10

What are the roles of transport vesicles?

Answer 10

Moves materials between organelles and plasma membrane
-vesicles move by motor proteins that pull them along the cytoskeleton
-allows movement into/out of cell
-SNARE proteins also catalyze fusion w/ membrane of target organelle or plasma membrane

Question 11

Define exocytosis and list the two types of exocytosis

Answer 11

Def: outward secretory pathway
constitutive secretion: unregulated. secreted while product is being made
regulated secretion: triggered by ligand binding to receptor

Question 12

Define endocytosis and list the three different types

Answer 12

Inward secretory pathway
-phagocytosis: ingestion of large particles
-pinocytosis: non specific ingestion of fluids + small particles
-receptor mediated endocytosis: entry of specific molecules into endosomes