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OSSF > Endocrinology Overview > Flashcards

Endocrinology Overview Flashcards

1
Q

True/False: Most cells have only one type of receptor for one hormone

A

false, most cells have multiple receptors which can be targets for multiple hormones

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2
Q

True/False: receptors on cell surfaces are hormone specific

A

False, hormone receptors of most cells can be targets for multiple hormones

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3
Q

True/False: most hormones affect multiple types of tissues

A

true

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4
Q

Which regulation of hormone secretion if more physiologically important?

A

feedback mechanisms, mainly negative

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5
Q

What is one of the few examples of positive feedback hormone regulation?

A

estrogen secretion preceding ovulation

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6
Q

testosterone negative feedback on the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus is a ____ loop example of negative feedback

A

long loop

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7
Q

What is an example of a short loop negative feedback

A

anterior pituitary on hypothalamus secretion

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8
Q

Describe the BASIC method of action/properties of peptide and protein hormones

A

water soluble, so must bind to cell membranes to exert their effects

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9
Q

Describe the BASIC method of action/properties of steroid and fatty acid compounds

A

lipid soluble so can diffuse across cell membranes so primarily bind to intracellular receptors

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10
Q

True/False: peptide/protein hormones are stored in secretory vesicles and once stimulation occurs their contents are released into extracellular fluid via Ca2+ mediated exocytosis

A

True

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11
Q

What is the foundational molecule for ALL steroid hormones

A

cholesterol

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12
Q

Why do steroid hormones have a slower response time than peptide/protein hormones

A

because they are synthesized on demand, they are not stored in secretory vesicles

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13
Q

What two major hormones are synthesized from tyrosine?

A

thyroid hormone and catecholamines

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14
Q

What two major hormones are synthesized from tryptophan

A

melatonin and serotonin

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15
Q

What is the primary role of eicosenoids?

A

they are lipid soluble local signaling molecules

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16
Q

What are eicosenoids synthesized from?

A

Fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid

17
Q

aspirin and NSAIDS inhibit which eicosinoid pathway?

A

COX

18
Q

an inflammatory response will stimulate what enzyme in the eicosenoid synthesis pathway?

A

Phospholipase A2

19
Q

Transport proteins are primarily synthesized in what organ

A

the liver

20
Q

What type of hormone must be bound to circulate in blood

A

lipid soluble hormones

21
Q

True/false: both bound and unbound proteins are biologically active

A

false, only unbound

22
Q

What transport protein is hormone non specific?

A

ALB

23
Q

What do CBG, DBG, TBG, and SHBG transport respectively

A

adrenocrotical hormones, Vit D metabolites, Thyroid hormones, sex hormones

24
Q

What are the three main functions of transport hormones

A
  1. serves as a reservoir of hormones to draw from what needed
  2. stabilize free hormone levels
  3. Increase the lifespan of hormones int he blood
25
Q

True/False: bound hormones can participate in feedback mechanisms

A

false, only unbound are biologically active and participate in feedback mechanism s

26
Q

Describe the route of metabolism/elimination of peptide hormones and catecholamines

A

-free in circulation, so available for enzymatic degradation and excretion in bile
-After binding to receptors, target cells internalize the bound hormone and degrade intracellularly

27
Q

Describe the route of metabolism/elimination of lipid soluble hormones

A

broken down inside target cells after binding to receptors

28
Q

Describe the route of metabolism/elimination of steroid hormones/ thyroid hormones

A

Converted to water soluble compounds in the liver by glucuronidating, then re enter circulation and eliminated by kidneys

29
Q

How can you change a cells response to a hormone

A

change the number of receptors on the target cell or the affinity of those receptors

30
Q

How would you up regulate hormone response of a cell

A

increased synthesis or decreased degradation of receptors

31
Q

How would you down regulate hormone response of a cell

A

receptors can be degraded or inactivated

32
Q

What are the 5 mechanisms of hormone action

A

1.cAMP
2.IP3/Ca2+
3. Steroid hormone mechanism
4. Tyrosine kinase mechanism
5. cGMP

OSSF (37 decks)

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