Oral Esophageal Pathology Flashcards
What diseases are apthous ulcers associated with?
Celiac and IBS
What is a pygoenic granuloma?
red lesion of the gingiva- reactive proliferation of capillaries.
What are the 3 signs of Plummer Vincent syndrome?
glossitis, iron deficient anemia and esophageal dysphagia
What is a fibroma?
proliferation -squamous mucosa and underlying subepithelial tissue - chronic irritation.
In what disorder would you see beefy red tongue, papilarry atrophy and thinning of the mucosa?
Glossitis
What is the cause of geographic tongue?
Loss of papillae due to neutrophilic inflammation.
What are Fordyces granules?
Heterotropic collection of sebeacous glands in the oral cavity.
This oral disease is a proliferation of oral squama in reaction to oral irritation or HPV and can transition to SCC
Squamous papilloma
If you see hairy leukoplakia what do you think?
First gross. Then do the fluffy patches wipe off? If not probably EBV in an HIV pt.
Clinical significance of leukoplakia?
Precancerous and 5-20% exhibits squamous dysplasia.
What type of precancerous lesion has flat red velvety patches?
Erythroplakia
What is actinic cheilitis?
a form of actinic keratoses on the lip, can be scaly. from sun exposure
Key risk factors for mouth, laryngeal, pharyngeal SCC vs. nasopharygal SCC?
Mouth and others - smoking, HPV, alcohol
Nasopharyngeal - EBV
Why is an inverted sinonasal papiloma more likely to reocurr than other papillomas?
Because of its inverted growth pattern.
What is the most common site of metastasis for oral cavity and pharyngeal SCC?
Cervical lymph node.
Define xerostomia
Decreased saliva production
medications, Sjogren’s and radiaton
Define sialadenitsis
Inflammation of the salivary gland. Caused by trauma, infection, autoimmune, sialothialis.
Define lymphoepithelialiocyoadenitis? (Mikulicz disease) common cause?
Polyclonal lymph inflammation and gland enlargement, most common cause is autoimmune, Sjogrens. rule out B-cell MALT lymphoma
Describe cause and appearance of mucocele?
leakage of minor salivary glands into surrounding tissue caused by blockage or traumatic injury.
Fluid filled nodule.
Describe pleomorphic adenoma
Most common parotid tumor.
epithelial (ductal and myo) and mesenchymal matrix of mixoid hyaline and choindroid.
all kinds of fingers.
Describe appearance of a Warthin tumor
well encapsulated papillary cystic lesion with 2 layers of bland neoplastic eosinophilic epithelium with reactive lymphoid stroma. parotid gland only
Describe the appearance and clinical features of mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
Mix of squamous and mucus secreting intermediate cells s. Most common salivary gland malignancy.
Usually parotid gland
Describe appearence and clinical of adenoid cystic carcinoma.
common - minor salivary. Slow growing, invades neural tissue.
spread to lungs, bones, liver, brain long after resection. Survival rates half every 5 years.
What are the most common benign and malignant salivary gland tumors?
benign- pleomorphic adenoma
malignant- mucoepidermoid carcinoma
What is the difference between an esophageal mucosal web and a schatzi ring?
esophageal mucosal web- upper esophagus mucosal protrusions
schatzi ring- thicker, has muscular propria, circumferential in lower esophagus
Drinking like a fool and retching all night causes lacerations where?
lacerations of distal esophagus and proximal stomache- Mallory Weiss syndrome, or Booerhaave
What are the symptoms of Zenker’s diverticulum?
painful swallowing and regurgitation caused by food built up in pharyngeal pouch
Congratulations, you have a hiatal hernia! How did this happen and what type do you likely have?
could have been congenital but likely acquired, most common type is sliding
Your patient has AIDS and infectious esophagitis. What are the most likely microbes to have caused the infection?
Candida, Herpes, CMV
Tell me everything you know about eosinophilic esophagitis, Go!
allergic rxn to food allergens
get food impaction, dysphagia, GERD that just won’t quit, kids- feeding disorders/vomiting
eosinophilic inflammation w/ basophilic hyperplasia
Describe the dysplasia seen in Barrett’s esophagus
normal squamous mucosa turns to non-ciliated simple columnar, major SE = adenocarcinoma
Name the most common benign mesenchymal tumor of the esophagus
leiomyoma
this benign neopasm is assocated with HPV
squamous papilloma
What are some causes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
smoking, alcohol, achlasia, plummer vinson, hot beverages, HPV
