Immunology Flashcards
List the defense strategies of the GI immune system
- block entry into organism
- block entry into cell
- prohibit spread
- direct killing
- kill infected host cell
- expulsion
- nutrient deprivation
What are the layers of defense (tissue) of the intestinal immune system?
- intraepithelial
- lamina propria
- Peyer’s patches
- mesenteric lymph nodes
At what life stage do you have the most lymphoid follicles in your GI?
mid-teens
Where are most of your Peyer’s patches located?
ileum (1:25 follicle:villi)
What effect do vitamins have on the lymphocytes of the GI?
control migration
vit A- direct to gut
vit D- direct to epidermal skin
Compare surface area of intestine to surface area of skin (which is greater?)
intestine 150x skin surface area
What is the cytokine most implicated in inflammation?
TNF-kappa B
Why is TH17 important?
It’s always active and helps control inflammation and extracellular pathogen response
Which diseases of GI are associated w/ excess defensin activity?
CRC, acne, Crohn’s
Where are beta-defensins found?
leukocytes and epithelial cells
Name some cells used to kill infected host cells?
natural killer cells (NKC), natural killer T cells (NKTC), (type 1 interferon), cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), (antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity)
Name some of the things that sequester cations for nutrient deprecation in the GI?
lactoferrin, calprotectin (Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn), Zips/ZNT, NRAMP- natural resistance associated macrophage protein (Mn) -
How do you sequester Tryptophan?
Indoalanine-2,3-dioxygenase
How do you sequester lipids?
lipocalin
How does your body attempt to get rid of ebola?
hyperstimulate IgE -> massive mast cell/eosinophilic burst
Name some ways the body blocks entry into cells?
neutralizing antibodies block adherence, IgA synth., mesenteric lymph nodes
Name some invasive microbes of the GI?
Salmonella typhimurim, Shigella flexnori
What special GI immune cells recognize E. coli?
NK cells with gamma-delta recognizes the LPS on E. coli
What are some methods of direct killing in the GI?
lysosomes, complement, ROS, RNS- reactive nitrogen species, anitmicrobial peptides
Describe the novel ways that Mycobacteria and Syphilis have of resisting host immune system?
attack macrophages and neutrophils and shut off ROS component of host defense
What factors activate TH1?
IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-12 for intracellular pathogen defense
What factors activate TH2?
IL-10, IL-13, IL-5, IL-4 for helminths and humoral (antibody mediated)
What T cells regulate tolerance?
T-regs
What T cells are associated w/ acute immune response and chronic?
acute= TH1 and lymphocytes chronic= TH2 and TH17
Main lymphocytes of lamina propria?
CD4+
Main lymphocytes of intraepithelial barrier
CD8+
name the TH1 cytokines
IFNgamma, TNF-alpha, IL-12
name the TH2 cytokines
IL-10, 3, 4, 5
name the TH17 cytokines
Il-17, -21, -22,
name the Treg cytokines
Il-10
Name things involved in direct killing in the gut
antimicrobial peptides (AMP) Bacterial permeability increasing peptide (BPI) Lysosomes Complement ROS, NOS
