Oral Care Flashcards
ORAL CARE PRODUCTS (DENTIFRICES )
• They are intended for use with or without toothbrush for:
.
Formulation Forms:
,
Cleaning the teeth and mouth cavity
M
Polishing the teeth surface
M
Controlling caries
K
Improving mouth odour and hygiene
K
opaque pastes
K
clear gels
K
pastes with colored stripes
J
part gel/part paste
J
Powders
J
liquids
K
Toothpaste
M
Consistency
J
Density
K
Viscosity
K
Extrudability
M
Abrasiveness
M
semisolid that is normally extruded from a tube.
K
The ideal consistency of a paste is:
K
Soft enough to be squeezed easily from the tube
I
Firm enough to hold its shape
K
Do not sag into the bristles of the brush.
K
The density is a function of :
K
the abrasive identity
K
the abrasive concentration
,
Concentration of the humectant and water content.
K
Silica-based pastes have a typical density of
approximately 1.3; Calcium phosphate-and chalk- based pastes, usually about 1.5 to 1.6.
O
Toothpaste viscosities generally range from
150,000 to 300,000 centipoise.
K
is measured by the force
required to force the toothpaste out of its
tube.
K
Depends on the combination of the paste
consistency and the tube diameter.
K
Hold its form as it
emerges from the tube. When applied to the
brush it should not sag between the bristles.
K
is the ability of the dentifrice to mildly abrade or clean the tooth surface
K
Ideally a dentifrice must be abrasive
enough to:
K
clean well
K
remove food particles
K
remove superficial stains
K
polish the tooth surface.
K
Cleaning and Polishing:
K
The cleaning ability of a toothpaste is
based largely on its …….
.
too
abrasive materials may create ……..
.
….. depends on the characteristics
of the polishing agent used-its particle size
, hardness, and crystal structure.
.
Abrasives with relatively high abrasiveness
may or may not be good polishing agents.
,
Appearance
L
Foaming
,
desirable dentifrice should be smooth,
uniform, and glossy.
K
Must be free from air entrapment and
exhibit an attractive color.
,
Help suspend and foam away food particles
loosened by the ….
L
Concentration must be sufficient to
accomplish these tasks.
L
At the same time, the …. must rinse away
quickly.
K
…….may interfere with the
abrasive contact with the tooth surfaces.
.
Taste
M
........ are probably the most noticeable aspects to the consumer and the most important characteristic in determining whether a consumer will repurchase the product or not.
.
It is a combination of specific flavor and
concentrations, level of sweeteners, and
mouthfeel.
K
Ingredients
,l
Abrasives
L
Humectants
K
Sweeteners
K
Flavours
K
Surface-Active Agents
K
Water
K
Preservatives
K
Binders
K
Anti-caries agent
K
Desensitizing agents
K
Abrasives
K
to remove debris and residual stain from the teeth.
L
They are insoluble solids that provide cleaning and polishing of the teeth when
used with a toothbrush.
K
They generally constitute from 20% to 50% of the total formulation.
,
Abrasives
The ideal one should be:
L
Not scratch the tooth enamel
M
Not react with other ingredients
.
Not spoil the taste or appearance of the finished product
L
Not segregate or lump on aging
K
Abrasives
L
Chalk or precipitated calcium carbonate
K
Calcium phosphate
K
Di calcium phosphate, dihydrate
,
Insoluble sodium metaphosphate
L
Silicas
,
Inexpensive
.
Impurities, • Abras. variability
,
Popular
,
Effective
L
Di calcium phosphate
K
Vary abrasive
F
Incompatible with some fluorides
D
Compatible with stannous fluoride
;
Incompatible with Sodium fluorides
P
Silicas
.
Popular
K
Good abrasive at low concentration
S
Minimal effect on the consistency of the paste
V
Has bleaching properties
F
Humectants
.
incorporated to prevent moisture loss and drying of dentifrices, as well
as to contribute to pleasant mouthfeel.
K
In opaque pastes they are generally employed in concentrations of 20% to 40%.
Clear gels are formulated with as much as 80%.
,
Humectants
Most frequently used are:
L
Sorbitol
L
Glycerin
L
Propylene Glycol
L
70% solution, contributes a feeling of coolness and moderate
sweetness.
L
popular but contributes a sensation of warmth to the mouthfeel
M
more expensive than either sorbitol or propylene glycol
J
Used at levels of
from 5% to 10%.
I
contributes excellent solvent properties,
K
but its low viscosity
and bitterness limit its utility.
Kk
Sweeteners
K
Flavors
M
Surface-Active Agents
,,
Most dentifrice flavors are quite bitter and require the use of artificial sweeteners to
make them palatable.
J
In the USA, sodium saccharin is the only acceptable artificial sweetener, and it is
generally incorporated at 0.05% to 0.25%.
K
Are generally employed at levels of 0.2 % to 2.0 %.
J
peppermint
M
spearmint
K
wintergreen
K
strawberry
J
anise
M
Are foaming agents employed at levels of 0.5% to 2.0% to provide desired foaming
action.
J
sodium lauryl sulfate,
K
dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate.
M
Water
9
Preservatives
K
Binders,
L
The most popular binders are:
L
Is present in most dentifrice formulas as a solvent for soluble salts and
diluent to decrease raw material costs.
L
Only bacteria-free deionized water of high purity should be used.
.
Water levels above 20% may need a good preservative.
L
methyl- and propylparaben
,
sodium benzoate
L
The need for preservatives is considered minimal when the total water
content of the formulation is below 20%.
L
They are natural or synthetic gums, resins, or other hydrocolloids to
maintain the liquid and solid constituents in the form of a smooth paste.
L
They increase the viscosity of the liquid phase as well as the body of the
final formulation of tooth pastes , preventing liquid bleeding from the paste.
L
used in concentrations of 0.9% to 2.0% of the
formulation.
L
Cellulose derivatives e.g.Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).
,
Carrageenan
L
Gum tragacanth
L
Sodium alginate
,
Carbomer resins
L
Other Ingredients
L
Anti-caries agent:
M
sodium fluoride
K
stannous fluoride
,
sodium monofluorophosphate,
K
The concentration of fluoride ion in dentifrices is limited to a maximum of 1100
ppm in freshly prepared pastes and may not fall below 600 ppm within the shelf life
of the dentifrice.
K
Pharmacists and dental auxiliaries should remind their patients that
fluoride containing products, when brought into the home, present a potential
danger of poisoning
L
Desensitizing agents
M
decrease dentin hypersensitivity to pain Formaldehyde
L
Sodium citrate
L
Strontium chloride hexahydrate (Sensodyne)
K
Potassium nitrate. (Sensodyne)
K
Other agents:
K
Chlorhexidine gluconate
L
Sodium borate:
,
Sodium pyrophosphate
L
Sodium pyrophosphate
L
Hydrogen peroxide
K
germicidal used to treat gingivitis
K
Cleansing, brushing and antibacterial
K
tarter control agent by removing Ca and Mg from saliva preventing
deposition on teeth
K
prevent dental plaque formation and gingivitis.
L
for bleaching
,
In addition, dental preparations may contain therapeutic agents such as:
M
Analgesic
L
Antibiotics
L
Antihistamines
L
Anti-inflammatory agents
,
Hemostatic agents
L
Anesthetics
O
Types of Toothpaste
K
Cleansing toothpaste
K
Ammoniated toothpaste
L
Anti-enzyme toothpaste
L
Fluoride tooth paste
L
the simplest one
L
contain ammonia
compounds to neutralize acids produced in
dental plaque or inhibit their formation
L
contain hexokinase
inhibitor to reduce production of acids from
sugar breakdown e.g. sodium N. lauryl
sarcosinate
L
Fluoride tooth paste:
L
sodium fluoride,
K
stannous
fluoride
.
prophylactic treatment of caries
L
….. can be administered both systemically
and topically.
L
significantly reduces dental caries, eg, a
60% lower dental caries rate.
,
Fluoridated water
L
The same contents as tooth paste but without liquid ingredients or binder
L
Mouth Wash
Types
L
Cosmetic MW:
.
Antibacterial MW
L
Astringent MW:
L
Deodorizing MW:
L
Therapeutic MW:
K
to clean mouth and
teeth
L
as antiseptic for
mouth cavity. E.g Phenol MW
K
to control bleeding.
,
Krameria MW
,
zinc sulphat
L
zinc
chloride MW
L
contain
antibacterial compounds
,
to treat pathological
conditions
I
remove loose debris around the teeth.
L
oxygenating agents
L
hydrogen peroxide
K
sodium perborate
M
Arnosan
K
Vince
M
Proxigel
,
Glyoxide
;
Krameria Mouth Wash
.
