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Cosmetics > Hair Waving > Flashcards

Hair Waving Flashcards

1
Q

Three basic methods to style, perm or

straighten hair:

A

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2
Q

The application of pomades and oils, or resin

based fixatives

A

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3
Q

The use of chemical processes (cold

perming).

A

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4
Q

Using heat from a comb, rollers or iron (hot

pressing)

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5
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of each: •Oil and resin based fixatives

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6
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of each: Hot combs and rollers:

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7
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of each: Chemical processes:

A

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8
Q

you can change the style of hair as often as you like

A

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9
Q

temporary, but last a little longer than using oils and resins

A

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10
Q

act on hydrogen, salt and some S-bonds

A

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11
Q

can cause hair damage and even skin burns if they are overused

A

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12
Q

the products will not do significant damage to the hair.

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13
Q

you can change the style of hair as often as you like

A

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14
Q

carry the risk of greater damage to the hair.

A

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15
Q

Act on the S-bond and give the most permanent results

A

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16
Q

requires extensive alteration of the biochemical bonds in hair fibers

A

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17
Q

HAIR PERMING (PERMANENT WAVE)

A

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18
Q

bonds that keep the integrity and shape of the hair

A

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19
Q

For the hair shaft to change its shape, …….. need to be broken down and re-formed into a different pattern.

A

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20
Q

Chemical changes to the disulphide bonds are …….. and cannot be destroyed except by ……

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21
Q

creates a permanent style in the existing hair but not in the new growing hair.

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22
Q

Perming process

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23
Q

The hair is first …..

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24
Q

The perm lotion is applied to the hair.

A

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25
Q

The alkalinity of the lotion (pH about 9) opens the ….. …..allowing the lotion to flow under the ……

A

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26
Q

The reducer reacts with the keratin of the cortex, breaking some of

A

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27
Q

The hair swells and ‘softens’, so that it can be

A

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28
Q

The softened hair is then put into its new shape using….

A

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29
Q

The chemical process is then neutralized by extensive ………

A

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30
Q

The cysteine linkages realign themselves with,,l.

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31
Q

Perm shock

A

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32
Q

After perming

A

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33
Q

Once the perming solution has been put on,……..

A

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34
Q

The ……. is softened and swollen, the ….. is in the process of being chemically changed

A

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35
Q

….. can damage the softened keratin and damage hair completely.

A

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36
Q

After completing the perming process, ……

A

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37
Q

It is important that the hair should not be shampooed during those few days

A

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38
Q

……. may interrupt this ‘curing’ process or even lead to hair breakage
0

A

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39
Q

Problems associated with permanent hair waving

A

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40
Q

If the process is applied inappropriately:

A

L

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41
Q

It can cause moderate damage: the hair fiber appear as…..

A

;

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42
Q

If the damage is more severe, there may be……..

A

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43
Q

If the damage is very severe there may be significant…….

A

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44
Q

This breakage can occur at the scalp surface so the breakage looks like hair loss

A

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45
Q

Other problems include ……. if left on for too long or if you have sensitive skin.

A

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46
Q

this may lead to an inflammatory skin reaction such as itching, redness, and even pain

A

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47
Q

this skin reaction can send the hair follicles into a ……… resting state and the hair follicles may take ……. or longer to get back to normal.

A

L

48
Q

it will be exacerbated.

A

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49
Q

at this stage it can no longer take a perm because virtually all the disulphide bonds have been broken

A

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50
Q

repeated perming will produce dry, damaged hair unless very expertly performed

A

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51
Q

Hair breakage at the back of the neck associated ……

A

L

52
Q

Damaged hair repair

A

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53
Q

cannot be repaired.

A

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54
Q

There are however some treatments that can improve the look of the hair by using a…….

A

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55
Q

These affect ………., and need to be repeated …..

A

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56
Q

The only long term treatment is to get rid of damaged hair by

A

.

57
Q

HAIR STRAIGHTENERS

A

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58
Q

Hair straightner preparations include:

A

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59
Q

The chemical and physical processing are very similar to those used for
hair waving.

A

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60
Q

Who want essentially kinky hair opened up and made more controllable.

A

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61
Q

Hot pressing hair (straightening comb)

A

.

62
Q

Hot pressing process is achieved as following:

A

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63
Q

First the hair is washed and dried.

A

.

64
Q

A small amount of pressing oil is combed through the hair to:

A

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65
Q

………lbreaks some of the biochemical bonds between and within the keratin proteins

A

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66
Q

The tension applied to the hair during the combing procedure make …..

A

.

67
Q

The hair is kept straight during combing by the ……..

A

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68
Q

After the comb has passed through the hair, the temperature……

A

L

69
Q

this allows the broken biochemical bonds in the hair to reconnect and fix their new position..

A

,

70
Q

Types of chemicals used in perming and straightening products

A

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71
Q

alkaline hydroxide creams

A

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72
Q

ammonium or sodium bisulfite lotions.

A

.

73
Q

thioglycolate lotions or creams

A

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74
Q

Hydroxide hair product (Caustic preparations)

A

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75
Q

sodium hydroxide

A

.

76
Q

guanidine carbonate.

A

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77
Q

Mechanism, process and adverse effects:

A

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78
Q

They act by breaking the disulfide bonds in keratins.

A

.

79
Q

After perming or straightening is conducted, the chemical reaction is ……..

A

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80
Q

Because the chemicals involved are quite potent and act in a very short time, the chemicals should………

A

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81
Q

➢If the chemicals are left on the hair for too long, the hair may become

A

….

82
Q

The chemicals may cause….

A

.

83
Q

To avoid this, the scalp skin is usually covered with…..

A

.

84
Q

Because of these risks, the products are only found in the salon and are not generally available for use at home.

A

.

85
Q

Bisulfite hair straighteners

A

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86
Q

It is popular with both salon professionals and for home use.

A

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87
Q

Are quite effective and better than …….. and safer than ……. based products

A

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88
Q

They work in the same way by breaking the disulfide chemical bonds in keratins.

A

.

89
Q

The lotion is applied to freshly …….

A

.

90
Q

The lotion is left in place for about …….and then combed for up to ……. to straighten the hair.

A

.

91
Q

The chemical is then washed out with lots of water

A

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92
Q

A stabilizing solution is applied to trigger………

A

.,

93
Q

……is applied as a final step.

A

.

94
Q

Thioglycolate products

A

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95
Q

ammonium thioglycolate, ATG)

A

.

96
Q

The process needs …… to make the hair pliable.

A

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97
Q

The chemical process is then ………, usually by extensive washing with water and then application of …..

A

.

98
Q

They are very good at waving

A

L

99
Q

not so good as hydroxide and bisulfite products at straightening.

A

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100
Q

They are not quite so potent and quite so successful in breaking the biochemical bonds in the hair.

A

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101
Q

Thioglycolate advantage

A

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102
Q

Formulation Requirements:

A

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103
Q

Formulating caustics requires considerable care to avoid ….

A

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104
Q

……. should be neither an acid nor an ester nor should it be anionic (soap ) that may be salted out by the alkali.

A

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105
Q

best formulated from wax like fatty alcohols with mineral oils and petrolatum jelly as protecting agent.

A

.

106
Q

is a type of lotion or cream generally used by people

with curly-textured hair

A

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107
Q

The active agent of relaxer ….

A

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108
Q

The caustic relaxers are classified into two groups:

A

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109
Q

lye

A

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110
Q

No-lye

A

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111
Q

ammonium thioglycolate

A

.

112
Q

ammonium sulfite and ammonium bisulfite

A

.

113
Q

potassium

hydroxide

A

.

114
Q

guanidine hydroxide

A

.

Cosmetics (22 decks)

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