Oral Bacteria B (EXAM III) Flashcards
Pyogenic infections associated with the teeth & surrounding supporting structures:
Dentoalveolar infections
Dentoalveolar infections are _____ infections associated with the teeth and surrounding supporting structures:
Pyogenic
Endodontic infections are _____ infections that are ______
Endogenous; opportunistic
Growth in the laboratory on artificial growth media:
Cultivation
Bacteria cultivated most frequently in root canal infections include:
- Bacteroides
- Prevotella
List the possible causes of dentoalveolar abscesses:
- Spread from carious lesion
- Spread through periodontal membrane & accessory root canals
- Anachoresis
- Tooth fracture & wear
Traveling of bacteria during bacteremia from tooth extraction at different site via pulpal blood supply:
Anachoresis
Anachoresis traveling occurs via:
Pulpal blood supply
The pathways by which microorganisms may invade the pulp & periapical tissues include:
- Fron apical foramen
- Via PDL
- Via bloodstream (anachoresis)
List the facultative anaerobes commonly isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses:
- Streptococcus
- Actinomyces
List the obligate anaerobes commonly isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses:
- Peptostreptococcus
- Porphyromonas gingivalis
- Prevotella
- Fusobacteriu nucleatum
A spreading B/L infection of the sublingual & submandibular spaces, involving cellulitis of the fascial spaces rather than true abscess formation:
Ludwig’s Angina
Ludwig’s Angina involves ____ rather than ____
Cellulitis; abscess formation
Bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin:
Cellulitis
Ludwig’s angina is considered a _____ infection:
Mixed endogenous
List the bacterial species found in Ludwig’s angina:
- Polyphyromonas
- Prevotella
- Fusobateria
- Anaerobic streptococci
What is the main concern with the progression of Ludwig’s angina?
Airway obstruction (death by asphyxiation)
Localized collection of pus caused by acute or chronic destruction of periodontium:
Periodontal abscess
A periodontal abscess is a _____ infection characterized by _____
Endogenous; subgingival plaque bacteria
Many bacteria are associated with a periodontal abscess making this a _____ disease
Polymicrobial
List the bacterial species that are commonly found in periodontal abscesses:
- Porphyromonas
- Prevotella
- Fusobacteria
- Anaerobic streptococci
Involving the same organisms as a periodontal abscess but involves bone:
Suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaws
List the bacterial species that are commonly found in Suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaw:
- Porphyromonas
- Prevotella
- Fusobacteria
- Anaerobic streptococci
An endogenous granulomatous disease, characterized by painful abscesses in the mouth often caused by recent dental work dislodging bacteria giving them access to adjacent tissue:
Cervicofacial actinomycosis
65% of cervicofacial actinomycosis occurs in the _____ region
Cervicofacial
What bacteria is responsible for cervicofacial actinomycosis?
Actinomyces (oral commensal)
What is a characteristic sign of cervicofacial acvtinomycosis?
Visible granules in pus “sulphur granules”
The “sulphur granule” characteristic of cervicofacial actinomycosis are composed of:
Collections of actinomyces (not actually sulfur)
List the oral manifestations of syphilis:
- Hutchison’s incisors
- Mulberry molars
- Primary & secondary syphilis lesion
- Gummas (granulomatous lesions)
List the oral manifestations of tuberculosis:
Oral lesions in up to 5% of primary & secondary tuberculosis cases- ulcers on palate & gingiva
For the disease leprosy, there are many:
Oral manifestions
List three disease in which we see bacterial oral manifestations:
- Syphilis
- Tuberculosis
- Leprosy
Bacterial infections of salivary glands often involve the bacteria:
Staphylococcus
Diseases or situations associated with oral bacteria & their components:
- infective endocarditis
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Nephritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Bechet’s syndrome
- Atherosclerosis
- Low-birth-weight infants
Chronic inflammatory disorder with oral ulcers, associated with oral bacteria & their components:
Bechet’s syndrome
What type of interactions are characteristic of infective endocarditis?
Platelet-streptococcal interactions
Infective endocarditis:
Circulating platelets adhere to _____ exposed on damaged heart valves:
collagen
Infective endocarditis:
During polymicrobial bacteremia, oral streptococci bind to the activated adherent platelets through:
Expressed adhesins & PAAP
_____ activates & induces additional platelets on aggregate on the heart valve
PAAP
PAAP=
Platelet aggregation-associated protein
PAAP is platelet aggregation-associated protein that is:
Streptococcal surface protein (adhesin)
Infective endocarditis:
Aggregation involves the cross-linking of platelets to one another by:
Fibrinogen molecules
Infective endocarditis:
The fibrinogen molecules that induces the cross-linking of platelets are polymerized by _____ into ____, forming an insoluble thrombus or platelet clot
Fibrin; thrombin
Infective endocarditis:
Released platelet granules contain _____ including platelet microbicidal protein, which may limit the valvular infection by sensitive bacteria
innate antimicrobials
Infective endocarditis:
_____ accumulate on the exterior of the septic thrombus as an inflammatory response is initiated
Leukocytes
Other possible associations between oral microbes & systemic disease includes (2):
- Heat-shock proteins
- Autorecognition induced by oral microorganisms
Because microbial HSPs are very similar to human HSPs that are normally shielded within cells, antibodies elicited by bacterial HSPs can _____ with exposed _____ (in damaged tissues)
Cross-react; human HSPs (in damaged tissues)
If microbial HSPs cross-react with humans HSPs in damaged tissues this can result in:
Immune complexes being deposited into arterial walls, joints, & mucous membranes
What aspect of HSPs can contribute to systemic disease?
HSP mimicry
For autorecognition induced by oral microorganisms, streptococcus sanguinis express a _____ within _____ , which similar to arthritogenic ____ of ____
epitope within PAAP; epitope of type II collagen
In the gingival sulcus, bacteria & their PAMPs such LPS affect underlying tissues, causing:
Local inflammation
One mechanism in which there is a link between dental disease & systemic inflammation is due to high levels of ______ (TNF-alpha & IL-1beta) may enter circulation and induce the liver to produce ____ such as CRP
Inflammatory mediators; acute-phase reactants
One mechanism in which there is a link between dental disease & systemic inflammation may be due to the inflammatory mediators TNF-alpha & IL-1beta, acting on _____ in existing atherosclerotic plaques causing exacerbation of the existing disease
monocytes
Innate host oral defenses include:
- Mucosal barrier
- Defensins
- Adherent mucin layer
- Commensal oral microbiota
Innate host defense of oral surfaces that contain toll-like receptors that recognize PAMPS:
The mucosal barrier
Innate hose defense of oral surfaces that are small peptide that form pores in bacterial membrane, disrupting cells:
-give an example
Defensins; Human beta-defensing 1 (HBD-1)
The main defense produced by epithelial cells:
HBD-1
Why are bacterial membranes so susceptible to defensins?
Due to their high phospholipid content
Innate host defense of oral surfaces that in which mucins are attached to oral surfaces to form a selectively permeable layer (a mucous coat analogous to a bacterial capsule):
Adherent mucin layer
The adherent mucin layer of the innate host defense is analogous to:
a bacterial capsule
Mucins are ____ and their ____ portion forms a sticky slippery gel
Glycoprotein; carbohydrate
What are the mucins in the oral cavity?
MG1; MG2
Innate host defense of oral surfaces including on tooth surface in which endogenous bacteria keep out new bacteria, and stimulate the immune system:
Commensal oral microbiota
What innate host defense of oral surfaces can be disease causing when balance shifts?
Commensal oral mirobiota
The fluid phase of the innate host defense is:
Saliva
How much saliva is secreted per day into the mouth?
0.5-1.5 liters
The fluid phase of the innate host defense contains _____ that aggregate & clear oral microbes via lectin-like interactions
What are two specific examples?
Mucins; MG1 & MG2
Mucins in the saliva work via:
Lectin-like interactions
An innate host defense found in the saliva that degrades peptidoglycan by cutting bond between NAG & NAM:
Lysozyme (AKA muramidase)