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Microbiology > Oral Bacteria B (EXAM III) > Flashcards

Oral Bacteria B (EXAM III) Flashcards

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1
Q

Pyogenic infections associated with the teeth & surrounding supporting structures:

A

Dentoalveolar infections

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2
Q

Dentoalveolar infections are _____ infections associated with the teeth and surrounding supporting structures:

A

Pyogenic

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3
Q

Endodontic infections are _____ infections that are ______

A

Endogenous; opportunistic

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4
Q

Growth in the laboratory on artificial growth media:

A

Cultivation

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5
Q

Bacteria cultivated most frequently in root canal infections include:

A
  1. Bacteroides
  2. Prevotella
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6
Q

List the possible causes of dentoalveolar abscesses:

A
  1. Spread from carious lesion
  2. Spread through periodontal membrane & accessory root canals
  3. Anachoresis
  4. Tooth fracture & wear
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7
Q

Traveling of bacteria during bacteremia from tooth extraction at different site via pulpal blood supply:

A

Anachoresis

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8
Q

Anachoresis traveling occurs via:

A

Pulpal blood supply

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9
Q

The pathways by which microorganisms may invade the pulp & periapical tissues include:

A
  1. Fron apical foramen
  2. Via PDL
  3. Via bloodstream (anachoresis)
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10
Q

List the facultative anaerobes commonly isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses:

A
  1. Streptococcus
  2. Actinomyces
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11
Q

List the obligate anaerobes commonly isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses:

A
  1. Peptostreptococcus
  2. Porphyromonas gingivalis
  3. Prevotella
  4. Fusobacteriu nucleatum
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12
Q

A spreading B/L infection of the sublingual & submandibular spaces, involving cellulitis of the fascial spaces rather than true abscess formation:

A

Ludwig’s Angina

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13
Q

Ludwig’s Angina involves ____ rather than ____

A

Cellulitis; abscess formation

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14
Q

Bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin:

A

Cellulitis

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15
Q

Ludwig’s angina is considered a _____ infection:

A

Mixed endogenous

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16
Q

List the bacterial species found in Ludwig’s angina:

A
  1. Polyphyromonas
  2. Prevotella
  3. Fusobateria
  4. Anaerobic streptococci
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17
Q

What is the main concern with the progression of Ludwig’s angina?

A

Airway obstruction (death by asphyxiation)

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18
Q

Localized collection of pus caused by acute or chronic destruction of periodontium:

A

Periodontal abscess

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19
Q

A periodontal abscess is a _____ infection characterized by _____

A

Endogenous; subgingival plaque bacteria

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20
Q

Many bacteria are associated with a periodontal abscess making this a _____ disease

A

Polymicrobial

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21
Q

List the bacterial species that are commonly found in periodontal abscesses:

A
  1. Porphyromonas
  2. Prevotella
  3. Fusobacteria
  4. Anaerobic streptococci
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22
Q

Involving the same organisms as a periodontal abscess but involves bone:

A

Suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaws

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23
Q

List the bacterial species that are commonly found in Suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaw:

A
  1. Porphyromonas
  2. Prevotella
  3. Fusobacteria
  4. Anaerobic streptococci
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24
Q

An endogenous granulomatous disease, characterized by painful abscesses in the mouth often caused by recent dental work dislodging bacteria giving them access to adjacent tissue:

A

Cervicofacial actinomycosis

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25
Q

65% of cervicofacial actinomycosis occurs in the _____ region

A

Cervicofacial

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26
Q

What bacteria is responsible for cervicofacial actinomycosis?

A

Actinomyces (oral commensal)

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27
Q

What is a characteristic sign of cervicofacial acvtinomycosis?

A

Visible granules in pus “sulphur granules”

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28
Q

The “sulphur granule” characteristic of cervicofacial actinomycosis are composed of:

A

Collections of actinomyces (not actually sulfur)

29
Q

List the oral manifestations of syphilis:

A
  1. Hutchison’s incisors
  2. Mulberry molars
  3. Primary & secondary syphilis lesion
  4. Gummas (granulomatous lesions)
30
Q

List the oral manifestations of tuberculosis:

A

Oral lesions in up to 5% of primary & secondary tuberculosis cases- ulcers on palate & gingiva

31
Q

For the disease leprosy, there are many:

A

Oral manifestions

32
Q

List three disease in which we see bacterial oral manifestations:

A
  1. Syphilis
  2. Tuberculosis
  3. Leprosy
33
Q

Bacterial infections of salivary glands often involve the bacteria:

A

Staphylococcus

34
Q

Diseases or situations associated with oral bacteria & their components:

A
  1. infective endocarditis
  2. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
  3. Nephritis
  4. Rheumatoid arthritis
  5. Bechet’s syndrome
  6. Atherosclerosis
  7. Low-birth-weight infants
35
Q

Chronic inflammatory disorder with oral ulcers, associated with oral bacteria & their components:

A

Bechet’s syndrome

36
Q

What type of interactions are characteristic of infective endocarditis?

A

Platelet-streptococcal interactions

37
Q

Infective endocarditis:

Circulating platelets adhere to _____ exposed on damaged heart valves:

A

collagen

38
Q

Infective endocarditis:

During polymicrobial bacteremia, oral streptococci bind to the activated adherent platelets through:

A

Expressed adhesins & PAAP

39
Q

_____ activates & induces additional platelets on aggregate on the heart valve

A

PAAP

40
Q

PAAP=

A

Platelet aggregation-associated protein

41
Q

PAAP is platelet aggregation-associated protein that is:

A

Streptococcal surface protein (adhesin)

42
Q

Infective endocarditis:

Aggregation involves the cross-linking of platelets to one another by:

A

Fibrinogen molecules

43
Q

Infective endocarditis:

The fibrinogen molecules that induces the cross-linking of platelets are polymerized by _____ into ____, forming an insoluble thrombus or platelet clot

A

Fibrin; thrombin

44
Q

Infective endocarditis:

Released platelet granules contain _____ including platelet microbicidal protein, which may limit the valvular infection by sensitive bacteria

A

innate antimicrobials

45
Q

Infective endocarditis:

_____ accumulate on the exterior of the septic thrombus as an inflammatory response is initiated

A

Leukocytes

46
Q

Other possible associations between oral microbes & systemic disease includes (2):

A
  1. Heat-shock proteins
  2. Autorecognition induced by oral microorganisms
47
Q

Because microbial HSPs are very similar to human HSPs that are normally shielded within cells, antibodies elicited by bacterial HSPs can _____ with exposed _____ (in damaged tissues)

A

Cross-react; human HSPs (in damaged tissues)

48
Q

If microbial HSPs cross-react with humans HSPs in damaged tissues this can result in:

A

Immune complexes being deposited into arterial walls, joints, & mucous membranes

49
Q

What aspect of HSPs can contribute to systemic disease?

A

HSP mimicry

50
Q

For autorecognition induced by oral microorganisms, streptococcus sanguinis express a _____ within _____ , which similar to arthritogenic ____ of ____

A

epitope within PAAP; epitope of type II collagen

51
Q

In the gingival sulcus, bacteria & their PAMPs such LPS affect underlying tissues, causing:

A

Local inflammation

52
Q

One mechanism in which there is a link between dental disease & systemic inflammation is due to high levels of ______ (TNF-alpha & IL-1beta) may enter circulation and induce the liver to produce ____ such as CRP

A

Inflammatory mediators; acute-phase reactants

53
Q

One mechanism in which there is a link between dental disease & systemic inflammation may be due to the inflammatory mediators TNF-alpha & IL-1beta, acting on _____ in existing atherosclerotic plaques causing exacerbation of the existing disease

A

monocytes

54
Q

Innate host oral defenses include:

A
  1. Mucosal barrier
  2. Defensins
  3. Adherent mucin layer
  4. Commensal oral microbiota
55
Q

Innate host defense of oral surfaces that contain toll-like receptors that recognize PAMPS:

A

The mucosal barrier

56
Q

Innate hose defense of oral surfaces that are small peptide that form pores in bacterial membrane, disrupting cells:

-give an example

A

Defensins; Human beta-defensing 1 (HBD-1)

57
Q

The main defense produced by epithelial cells:

A

HBD-1

58
Q

Why are bacterial membranes so susceptible to defensins?

A

Due to their high phospholipid content

59
Q

Innate host defense of oral surfaces that in which mucins are attached to oral surfaces to form a selectively permeable layer (a mucous coat analogous to a bacterial capsule):

A

Adherent mucin layer

60
Q

The adherent mucin layer of the innate host defense is analogous to:

A

a bacterial capsule

61
Q

Mucins are ____ and their ____ portion forms a sticky slippery gel

A

Glycoprotein; carbohydrate

62
Q

What are the mucins in the oral cavity?

A

MG1; MG2

63
Q

Innate host defense of oral surfaces including on tooth surface in which endogenous bacteria keep out new bacteria, and stimulate the immune system:

A

Commensal oral microbiota

64
Q

What innate host defense of oral surfaces can be disease causing when balance shifts?

A

Commensal oral mirobiota

65
Q

The fluid phase of the innate host defense is:

A

Saliva

66
Q

How much saliva is secreted per day into the mouth?

A

0.5-1.5 liters

67
Q

The fluid phase of the innate host defense contains _____ that aggregate & clear oral microbes via lectin-like interactions

What are two specific examples?

A

Mucins; MG1 & MG2

68
Q

Mucins in the saliva work via:

A

Lectin-like interactions

69
Q

An innate host defense found in the saliva that degrades peptidoglycan by cutting bond between NAG & NAM:

A

Lysozyme (AKA muramidase)

Microbiology (22 decks)

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