optho Flashcards
pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy
hyperglyceamia -> glycosylation of membrane -> reduced O2 -> hypoxia -> neovascularisation
risk of acute angle closure glaucoma
hypermetropes (long-sighted)
side effect is brown eyes and longer eyelashes
lanoprost
what structure is broken in RAPD
retina
optic nerve
adries tonic pupil
dilated pupil in light
treatment of keratitis
refer
topical quinalones
eye infection caused by chlamydia
trachoma (eyelid turns inward, green & white discharge)
hepetic keratitis treatment
TOPICAL antivirals
treatment of macular oedema
laser photocoagulation
CN III palsy
down & out
DILATED PUPIL
painful - aneurysm
not - tumour, microvascular
CN IV palsy
elevated eye (especially looking in)
double vision looking down
congenital
CN VI palsy
effected eye looks in (adduction)
cause - increased ICP
internuclear opthalmoplegia - symptoms and what is effected
effect eye cant adduct (look in)
other has nystagmus
medial longitudinal fasciculus
horners
small pupil
loss of sweating
droppy eyelid
painful third nerve palsy
aneurysm in POSTERIOR communicating artery
glaucoma treatment
open angle - laser, prostoglandins (latanoprost), beta. blocker, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (dorzolamide)
acute - muscuranic agonist (pilocarpine) + acetazolamide
treatment of age related macular degeneration
wet - anti-VEGF
dry - nothing
cotton wool spots (diabetic retinopahty)
nerve fibre damage
conjunctivitis and pain
does not cause pain
or photophobia or changes in vision
cause of neonatal conjunctivitis
gonococcal infection
most common cause of keratitis
herpes simplex virus (HSV)
retinitis pigmentosa
genetic condition
degeneration of rods
night blindness
2 types of stye
hordeolum externum - sweat gland/ sebaceous gland infection
hordeolum internum - infection of meibomian gland (more painful)
chalazion
blocked meibomian gland
not usually painful
(further away from the actual eye)
dilated pupil + absent knee/ ankle reflexes
holmes- adie
increased ICP palsy
CN VI
pale optic disc
optic neuritis
