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year 4 blocks > endocrine > Flashcards

endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

3 criteria of DKA

A

ketones >3
glucose >11
bicarbonate <15

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2
Q

treatment of DKA

A

0.9% saline
insulin 0.1 unit/kg/hr

when glucose <14 start 10% dexterose

after 24hrs if not resolved specialist review

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3
Q

antibodies in type 1 diabetes

A

anti GAD
islet cell antibodies (destroy beta cells of islets of langerhan)

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4
Q

HbA1c levels

A

≤41 normal
42-47 pre-diabetes
≥48 diabets
<53 goal for diabetics

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5
Q

type 2 diabetes + CVD

A

metformin + sglt-2

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6
Q

insulin in ramadan

A

1/3 before sunrise
2/3 after sunset

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7
Q

treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

A

amitryptilin
duloxentine
gabapentin
pregabilin

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8
Q

MODY inheritance pattern

A

autosomal dominant

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9
Q

cause of cranial DI

A

decreased production of ADH -

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10
Q

cause of nephrogenic DI

A

desensitisation of ADH - lithium, heamochromatosis

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11
Q

treatment of DI

A

cranial = desmopressin
nephrogenic - thiazides, low salt

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12
Q

treatment of SIADH

A

fluid restriction

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13
Q

type 1 diabetes + BMI >25

A

insulin + metformin treatment

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14
Q

when should type 1s measure glucose

A

before each meal and before bed

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15
Q

blood inbalance in cushings

A

hypokalaemia

metabolic alkalosis

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16
Q

high dose dexamethasone test results

A

cortisol & ACTH

both decreased - cushings disease
both increase - steroids
1 increases (cortisol) 1 decreases - something else

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17
Q

pseudo-cushings

A

alcohol excess

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18
Q

blood results in SIADH

A

decreased blood sodium
increased urine sodium

diluted blood - concentrated pee

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19
Q

treatment of MODY

A

sulphonureas

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20
Q

posterior pituitary hormones

A

ADH & oxytocin

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21
Q

treatment of prolactinoma

A

dopamine agonists

cabergoline
bromocriptine

22
Q

investigation into acromegaly

A

screen - serum IGF - 1
definitive - OGTT

23
Q

treatment of acromegaly

A

surgery

octreotide/ pegrisomant

24
Q

what is addisons

A

decreased adrenal function

decreased mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), androgens & glucocorticoids (cortisol)

25
Q

investigation into Addison’s

A

short synACTHen test
or 9am cortisol

26
Q

treatment of addisons

A

cortisol replacement - hydrocortisone
aldosterone replacement - fludrocortisone

27
Q

what happens in an addisons crisis

A

pt stops taking hysrocortisone - cortisol plummets

28
Q

periods and thyroid

A

hypothyroid - heavy
hyper - irregular

29
Q

cause of follicular thyroid cancer

30
Q

hyperparathyroid
primary vs secondary vs tertiary

A

primary (tumour) - increased Ca, low phosphate

secondary (decreased Vit D) - low Ca, high phosphate

tertiary (long secondary) - very high PTH, high Ca

31
Q

blood results in hyperaldosteronism

A

low potassium
high sodium (high BP)

32
Q

treatment of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (hyperaldosterone)

A

spirinolactone

33
Q

MEN 1

A

parathyroid (hyper)
pancreas
pituitary

34
Q

MEN 2a

A

(RET oncogene)
parathyroid (hyper)
phaechromocytoma
medullary thyroid cancer

35
Q

MEN 2b

A

(RET oncogene)
phaechromocytoma
medullary thyroid cancer
marfanious

36
Q

radioiodine & graves disease

A

makes eye problems worse

37
Q

C peptide in T1DM

38
Q

when to treat subclinical hypothyroid

A

+ve result twice in 3 weeks

39
Q

treatment of thyroid storm

A

beta blockers
propylthiouracil
hydrocortisone

40
Q

which organism causes diabetic foot ucers

A

pseudomonas

41
Q

treatment of hyperparathyroid

A

surgery

if not - cinacalcel

42
Q

precious puberty in boys

A

bilateral large testis - intracranial lesion
one large testi - gonadal tumour
small testes - adrenal cause

43
Q

bone mets

A

high Ca
high ALP
lytic bone lesions

44
Q

treatment of HHS

A

0.9% saline
no insulin

45
Q

investigation into primary aldosteronism

A

saline suppression

46
Q

palliation in bone mets

A

analgesia
bisphosphonates

47
Q

antibody in drug induced lupus

A

antihistone

48
Q

insulin diabetes DVLA

A

must notify
1 year only 1 hypo >3 months ago

49
Q

diabetes med that causes weight loss

A

sitagliptin - DPP4

50
Q

acid base imbalance in cushings

A

hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis

51
Q

DPP-4 moa

A

increases levels of incretin (GLP-1_

52
Q

investigation into insulinoma

A

CT of pancrease

year 4 blocks (18 decks)

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