cardio

Question 1

slow rising murmur

Answer 1

aortic stenosis

Question 2

hypertension + systolic murmur

Answer 2

coarctation of aorta

Question 3

right vs left sided murmurs

Answer 3

right - louder on inspiration
left - louder on expiration

Question 4

hypertension treatment in type 2 diabetics

Answer 4

ACEi or ARBs

Question 5

crecsendo decrescendo systolic murmur

Answer 5

pulmonary stenosis

Question 6

split 2nd heart sound

Answer 6

atrial septal defect

Question 7

treatment of heart block

Answer 7

1st degree and mobitz 1 - atropine
mobitz 2 and 3rd degree - pacemaker

Question 8

AV node reentry ECG

Answer 8

no p waves/ inverted p waves

Question 9

digoxin + amiodarone =

Answer 9

digoxin toxicity = cardiac aarrest

Question 10

treatment of torsades de pointes

Answer 10

IV magnesium sulphate

Question 11

treatment of wolff parkinson white

Answer 11

flecainide
ablation of accessory pathway

Question 12

heart failure treatment - prognostic

Answer 12

1. ACE + beta blocker
2. spironolactone or SGLT-2 i
3. specialist
   ivabradine, digoxin

Question 13

treatment of HF oedema

Answer 13

loop diuretics (furosemide)

Question 14

“sparkling” myocardium

Answer 14

amyloidosis

Question 15

treatment of broad vs narrow tachy

Answer 15

broad - amiodarone
narrow - adenosine

Question 16

ST elevation after an MI

Answer 16

left venticular aneurysm

Question 17

treatment of PE + hypotension

Answer 17

thrombolyse

Question 18

bisferiens pulse

Answer 18

mixed aortic disease

Question 19

causes of 3rd heart sound

Answer 19

normal
LV failure
constrictive pericarditis
mitral regurg

Question 20

causes of 4th heart sound

Answer 20

aortic stenosis
HOCM
hypertension

Question 21

which heart condition can cause neurological changes?

Answer 21

aortic dissection

Question 22

JVP in cardiac tamponade

Answer 22

stays up (no Y decreases)

TAMpaX

Question 23

causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 23

inherited/ idiopathic

alcohol
sarcoidosis
pregnancy

Question 24

pericarditis vs myocarditis ECG

Answer 24

peri - widespread changes

myo - only some leads

Question 25

S3 vs S4 causes

Answer 25

S3 - cant breathe (HF)
S4 - on the floor (HOCM)

Question 26

which anti-anginal do patients develop resistance to

Answer 26

standard release isosorbide mononitrate

Question 27

what might interact with statins

Answer 27

erythromycin / clarithromycin

Question 28

coarctation of aorta symptoms

Answer 28

hypertension
radio-femoral delay
notching (in adults)

Question 29

treatment of MI secondary to coke

Answer 29

benzo