cardio Flashcards
slow rising murmur
aortic stenosis
hypertension + systolic murmur
coarctation of aorta
right vs left sided murmurs
right - louder on inspiration
left - louder on expiration
hypertension treatment in type 2 diabetics
ACEi or ARBs
crecsendo decrescendo systolic murmur
pulmonary stenosis
split 2nd heart sound
atrial septal defect
treatment of heart block
1st degree and mobitz 1 - atropine
mobitz 2 and 3rd degree - pacemaker
AV node reentry ECG
no p waves/ inverted p waves
digoxin + amiodarone =
digoxin toxicity = cardiac aarrest
treatment of torsades de pointes
IV magnesium sulphate
treatment of wolff parkinson white
flecainide
ablation of accessory pathway
heart failure treatment - prognostic
- ACE + beta blocker
- spironolactone or SGLT-2 i
- specialist
ivabradine, digoxin
treatment of HF oedema
loop diuretics (furosemide)
“sparkling” myocardium
amyloidosis
treatment of broad vs narrow tachy
broad - amiodarone
narrow - adenosine
ST elevation after an MI
left venticular aneurysm
treatment of PE + hypotension
thrombolyse
bisferiens pulse
mixed aortic disease
causes of 3rd heart sound
normal
LV failure
constrictive pericarditis
mitral regurg
causes of 4th heart sound
aortic stenosis
HOCM
hypertension
which heart condition can cause neurological changes?
aortic dissection
JVP in cardiac tamponade
stays up (no Y decreases)
TAMpaX
causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
inherited/ idiopathic
alcohol
sarcoidosis
pregnancy
pericarditis vs myocarditis ECG
peri - widespread changes
myo - only some leads
S3 vs S4 causes
S3 - cant breathe (HF)
S4 - on the floor (HOCM)
which anti-anginal do patients develop resistance to
standard release isosorbide mononitrate
what might interact with statins
erythromycin / clarithromycin
coarctation of aorta symptoms
hypertension
systolic murmur
radio-femoral delay
notching (in adults)
treatment of MI secondary to coke
benzo
hyperkaleamia ECG
tall tented T waves
sinosoidal wave
ACE inhibitor side effects
angioedema
hyperkalaemia
dry cough
pregnancy + statins or ACEi
nope
side effect of statins
liver problems
myopathy
MI + bradycardia
right coronary artery occlusion
LBBB causes
never normal!
ALWAYS BAD
MI
hypertension
aortic stenosis
cardiomyopathy
RBBB causes
might be normal
MI
PE
cor pulmonae
Dresslers syndrome
pericarditis 2-4 weeks after an MI
treat with NSAIDs
stroke ish symptoms after an MI
left ventricualr anyeursm
cadiac tamponade after an MI
left ventricular wall rupture
mechanism of GTN spray
activation of cGMP
brugada treatment
ICD
DVLA MI & treatment
MI - 4 weeks
PCI - 1 week
CABG - 4 weeks
pacemaker - 1 week
acute AF treatment
unstable - cardioversion
stable:
<48hrs - DC (or feicanide)
>48hrs - beta blockers
long term AF management
rate - beta or calcium or digoxin
rhythm - 3 weeks anticoagulation - DC - 4 weeks anticoagulation
2 p waves for 1 QRS
atrial flutter
apical to radial pulse deficit
atrial fibrillation
cause of mitral stenosis
rheumatic fever
contraindication in ventricular tachycardia
verapamil
treatment of beta blocker overdosea
atropine
then glucagon
when should you take statins
at night
tall R waves
MI in opposite territory
treatment of rheumatic fever
pen V
NSAIDs
contraindication in HOCM
ACE i
pain killer contraindicated in cardiovascular disease
diclofenac
aortic valve replacement rules
symptomatic - replace
asymptomatic: gradient >40 = replace
