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Neuroanatomy > Olfaction > Flashcards

Olfaction Flashcards

1
Q

What are organic molecules suspended in the air, that can be recognized by the olfactory system and produce a signal of smell

A

odorants

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2
Q

What is another way to say a signal of smell?

A

odor (e.g. cinnamaldehyde)

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3
Q

A recognizable mixture of odorants is called an ______________.

A

aroma (e.g. roses, coffee)

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4
Q

_________________ are suspended in the air, and are inhaled when we breathe.

A

Odorants

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5
Q

Odorants are inhaled in the nasal and oral cavities, where they find the _______________ and activate the olfactory system

A

olfactory mucosa

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6
Q

Orthonasal smell =

A

inhalation

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7
Q

Retronasal smell =

A

aromatic fine taste

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8
Q

The ____________ are narrow, curled bones that protrude into the nasal cavity.

A

nasal conchae, or turbinates,

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9
Q

What are nasal conchae (turbinates) responsible for?

A
  1. majority of airflow direction,
  2. humidification
  3. heating and filtering of inhaled air
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10
Q

What protect the sinuses from pressurized nasal airflow and the olfactory bulb.

A

nasal conchae, or turbinates

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11
Q

What is the name of the brain region that mediates olfaction.

A

olfactory bulb

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12
Q

The olfactory epithelium is a thin ___________________ found at the roof of the nasal cavity around 7 cm (~2.5 in) behind the nostrils

A

sensory epithelium

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13
Q

What is formed by olfactory receptor cells?

A

olfactory epithelium

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14
Q

What detect the presence of odorants at low concentrations such as 10 parts per trillion!

A

olfactory receptor cells

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15
Q

The _______________ of olfactory info occurs in the olfactory epithelium.

A

transduction

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Olfactory receptor cells are neurons.

A

TRUE

17
Q

What bind the receptor cilia of olfactory neurons to elicit a signal transduction cascade?

A

Odorants

18
Q

When an odorant binds the neurons, they send signals trough their olfactory axons to synapse in the _____________.

A

olfactory bulb

19
Q

Olfactory receptor cells are one of the few neurons with _______________________ ___________________.

A

continuous regenerative capacity (neurogenesis!)

20
Q

What is the order of the mucous membrane (olfactory epithelium)?

A

TOP
* olfactory filum
* basal cell
* olfactory receptor cell
* supporting cells
* olfactory knob
* receptor cilia
BOTTOM

21
Q

Axons of olfactory neurons reach the olfactory bulb through __________________ in the ___________ plate and synapse with bulbar second order neurons in regions known as ______________. These neurons’ projections are known as ____________________.

A

foramina
cribiform

glomeruli
olfactory stria

22
Q

Olfactory neurons expressing the same type of olfactory receptor innervate a ______________________.

A

single glomerulus

23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Odorants are able to be coded by the pattern of activity in the olfactory bulb.

A

TRUE

24
Q

The majority of second order neurons from the olfactory bulb project to the _______________________ without synapsing in the _______________.

A

primary olfactory cortex
thalamus

25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
There are also neurons that directly project to limbic structures.

A

TRUE

26
Q

As part of the ________________, the olfactory bulb has extensive connections to other regions in this system. This allows for coding of olfactory information.

A

limbic system

27
Q

From the olfactory bulb, what is the fastest route to olfactory memories?

A

Olfactory bulb -> primary olfactory cortex -> entorhinal area

28
Q

From the olfactory bulb, what is the fastest route to emotional and motivated responses to odors?

A

Olfactory bulb -> primary olfactory cortex -> septal areas

29
Q

From the olfactory bulb, what are the fastest routes to attentional behavior and responses to odors?

A

1.) Olfactory bulb -> amygdaloid complex -> orbitofrontal cortex

2.) Olfactory bulb -> primary olfactory cortex -> thalamus medial dorsal nucleus -> orbitofrontal cortex

Neuroanatomy (23 decks)

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