Cranial Nerves Flashcards
12 paired nerves that emerge from the CNS via the _____________
cranium’s foramina
The 12 paired nerves innervate structures of the __________, __________, __________ & _____________.
1.) head
2.) neck
3.) thorax
4.) abdomen
What is the numerical order of the nerves determined by?
their skull exit location rostral to caudal
What types of functions can cranial nerves have?
Sensory
Motor
BOTH
__#__ out of 12 CNs have their nuclei (originate) in the brain stem
10
Where does the CN III and IV originate from?
midbrain
Where does the CN V, VI, VII, and VIII originate from?
pons
Where does the CN IX, X, and XII originate from?
medulla
Where does the CN I and II directly innervate the brain from?
nose and eyes
Where does the CN XI originate from?
cervical spine
What is CN I ?
Olfactory
CN I special sensory nerve
olfaction
Which nerve originates from the olfactory epithelium in the nose and synapses in the olfactory bulb?
CN I
What is the function of the CN I ?
Mediates the processing of odorant information
What is CN II?
Optic
CN II special sensory nerve
vision
Which CN originates in the retina and synapses with the lateral geniculate nucleus. It becomes the optic tract at the optic chiasm
CN II
What is the function of the CN II ?
Mediates the processing of visual information
What is CN III ?
Oculomotor
The CN III nerve innervates muscles of the eye and regulates:
- eyeball movement (up, down, medial)
- pupil constriction
- eyelid movement
What is CN IV?
trochlear (motor function of the eye)
Which nerve innervates a single eye muscle (superior oblique) to regulate eye movement in, downwards (e.g. reading)?
CN IV (trochlear)
What is CN V?
Trigeminal
What are CN V functions and what three regions are they branched into?
Functions: sensory and motor
Regions:
1.) ophthalmic (V1=sensory)
2.) maxillary (V2=sensory)
3.) mandibular (V3= sensory and motor)
What is CN VI?
abducens
What is the main idea and function of CN VI?
motor function of the eye
Which nerve innervates the Visceral afferents
CN VI (abducens)
What is CN VII called?
facial
What are the functions and 5 regions that it branches into?
Function: sensory and motor
Regions:
1.) temporal (motor)
2.) zygomatic (motor)
3.) buccal (sensory)
4.) mandibular (motor)
5.) cervical (motor)
CN ___ is mostly a facial SENSORY nerve, while CN ___ is mostly a facial MOTOR nerve.
V (trigeminal)
VII (facial)
What is CN VIII?
vestibulocochlear
What is the special sensory nerve of the vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)?
audition
Which nerve originates as the vestibular and cochlear nerves in the inner ear.
CN VIII: vestibulocochlear
What is the main function of CN VIII: vestibulocochlear?
Mediates the processing of sounds and vestibular information.
What is CN IX called?
glossopharyngeal
Is the glossopharyngeal CN sensory, motor or both?
BOTH
What are the main functions of CN IX (glossopharyngeal)? (3 things)
1.) Motor function of tongue and pharynx
2.) Regulates gag reflex and salivation
3.) Taste on posterior 2/3 of tongue
What is CN X called?
vagus
Does the vagus nerve (CN X) have sensory, motor, or both functions?
BOTH
What are the purposes of the vagus nerve (CN X)?
1.) Parasympathetic sensory and motor control of visceral organs of the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems
What is XI CN called?
accessory
What is the function of the CN XI (accessory)?
motor function of the neck and shoulders
What is CN XII called?
hypoglossal
What is the function of CN XII (hypoglossal)?
motor function of the tongue
Which nerve controls the the movements and shape of the tongue during speech and swallowing?
CN XII (hypoglossal)
