Chapter 2

Question 1

The brain requires continuous and adequate blood supply, given its high demand for ________ and ________.

Answer 1

oxygen and glucose

Question 2

The brain is very vulnerable to…

Answer 2

Blood flow disruptions

Question 3

What are the two main arterial blood supply sources of the brain?

Answer 3

1.) carotid system (anterior)
2.) vertebral system (posterior)

Question 4

The common carotid arteries ascend __________ through the lateral region of the neck.

Answer 4

symmetrically

Question 5

The carotid artery divides into __________ & _______________ at the sixth cervical vertebra.

Answer 5

external carotid artery & internal carotid artery

Question 6

The _________branch of the carotid artery ascends medially, while the ___________ branch ascends laterally.

Answer 6

Internal
External

Question 7

The ___________ supplies blood laterally to the face and neck

Answer 7

external carotid artery

Question 8

The ____________ enters the skull through the carotid canal takes an ____ shape through the cavernous sinus.

Answer 8

internal carotid artery
“S”

Question 9

The internal carotid is divided into two terminal branches:

Answer 9

1.) anterior cerebral (ACA)
2.) middle cerebral arteries (MCA)

Question 10

Which two arteries supply blood to 2/3 of the brain?

Answer 10

1.) anterior cerebral (ACA)
2.) middle cerebral arteries (MCA)

Question 11

The _____________ supplies the frontal portion of the ipsilateral hemisphere

Answer 11

anterior cerebral artery

Question 12

The _______________ courses up the lateral surface of the brain and supplies the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes of the ipsilateral hemisphere.

Answer 12

middle cerebral artery (MCA)

Question 13

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) branches to the ____________________, which provides a connection with the vertebral artery system.

Answer 13

posterior communicating artery (PCA)

Question 14

The left and right anterior cerebral arteries join in the midline and form the _____________.

Answer 14

anterior communicating artery

Question 15

The _________ ascends up the neck posteriorly by passing through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae.

Answer 15

vertebral artery

Question 16

What ascends into the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum along with the spinal cord?

Answer 16

vertebral artery

Question 17

Vertebral arteries from both sides are joined at the ___________ that ascends the anterior surface of the brainstem.

Answer 17

basilar artery (BA)

Question 18

Branches of the basilar artery supply right and left regions of the ________________, ____________, __________, and _______________.

Answer 18

cerebellum, medulla, pons, and spinal cord

Question 19

The ________________ is a continuous circle of arterial connections on the base of the midbrain.

Answer 19

cerebral arterial circle

Question 19

The cerebral arterial circle is supplied by what three things?

Answer 19

1.) anterior (ACA)
2.) middle cerebral arteries (MCA)
3.) posterior cerebral arteries (PCA)

Question 20

The __________ terminates as right and left posterior cerebral arteries (PCA).

Answer 20

basilar artery

Question 21

What is extremely important as it is the point of connection between the carotid and vertebral arterial systems?

Answer 21

The cerebral arterial circle

Question 22

Why is the cerebral arterial circle so cool?

Answer 22

If any one vessel becomes compromised, then the other vessels can maintain blood flow to the brain