Motor Systems (PART 1) Flashcards
Part 1
What are the levels of hierarchy of motor control?
- Strategic
- Tactical
- Execution
Which level of hierarchy of motor control involves what are the goals to be achieved by initiating motion?
Strategic
The ___________________ and the ___________________ are involved in developing the strategic “level.”
cortical association areas
basal ganglia
Which level of hierarchy of motor control utilizes the motor cortex and the cerebellum to develop the sequence and timing of muscles to produce the specific motion required?
Tactical
Which level of hierarchy of motor control involves the actual activation of the motor neurons to the spinal cord and then the specific muscles involved.
Execution of the motor output
Fixed, automatic movements triggered in response to a specific sensory stimulus. Little voluntary control, although some can be modulated
Reflexes
Combination of reflex and voluntary movements used to maintain an upright position with respect to gravity
Postural movements
What is an example of reflexes?
blinking
What is an example of a postural movements?
maintaining balance
Combination of reflex and volition. Initiation and termination is voluntary, but the actual movement is very hardwired.
Rhythmic movement
What is an example of rhythmic movements?
chewing
Purposeful movements initiated entirely from within the CNS
voluntary movements
Which types of movements require the most involvement of higher-order motor regions in the brain?
Rhythmic movements and voluntary movements
Head and trunk
Axial
Limbs
Appendicular