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Human Anatomy > Old Exam I Key > Flashcards

Old Exam I Key Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic Input to Heart

A

Increases Heart Rate

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2
Q

Parasympathetic Input to Heart

A

Decreases Heart Rate

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3
Q

Which of the 2, parasympathetic or sympathetic, has more influence?

A

Parasympathetic; if you cut both the Heart Rate increases

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4
Q

End-Systolic Volume

A

Volume of blood left in ventricle after contraction

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5
Q

End-Diastolic Volume

A

Volume of blood in the ventricle before contracting; completely filled

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6
Q

Cardiac Output

A

Stroke Volume X Heart Rate

amount of blood pumped out each min: mL/min

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7
Q

Stroke Volume

A

amount of blood pumped out with each beat

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8
Q

“Lub” Sound

A

Closing of the AV valves

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9
Q

“Dub” Sound

A

Closing of the Semilunar Valves

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10
Q

During Ventricular Ejection

A

AV valves are close and the semilunar valves open

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11
Q

Starling’s Law of the Heart

A

the force of contraction is directly proportional to the amount the cardiac fibers are stretched

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12
Q

A platelet plug is strengthened by a network of insoluble protein fibers called

A

Fibrin

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13
Q

During Exercise

A

Smooth muscles in the arterioles of skeletal muscles relax in response to metabolites (CO2, lactate, etc) given off by the active tissue

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14
Q

Venous Return to the heart is aided by:

A

Parasympathetic Nerve Activity
Contractions of Skeletal Muscles (Skeletal Muscle Pump)
The difference in pressure between the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Lymphatic Drainage

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15
Q

Cardiac Muscles are:

A

They are all striated
Most are autorhythmic
They all have long absolute refractory periods
They are NOT all innervated

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16
Q

When a RBC is destroyed, the heme loses its iron and is converted to:

A

Bilirubin

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17
Q

Granular Leukocytes

A

Neutrophil
Basophil
Eosinophil

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18
Q

Non Granular Leukocytes

A

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

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19
Q

Megakaryocytes shed small membrane-enclosed packets of cytoplasm into the circulation. Those packets are:

A

Thrombocytes

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20
Q

Path of Impulse through the Cardiac Conduction Path

A

SA Node -> AV node -> Atrioventricular Bundle -> Purkinje Fibers

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21
Q

Where does the Tricuspid Valve lie?

A

between the right ventricle and the right atrium

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22
Q

Where does the Bicuspid Valve lie?

A

between the left ventricle and the left atrium

23
Q

Most movement of substances between capillary walls is by?

A

Diffusion

some bulk flow

24
Q

Reflex Control is important because

A

it enables you to override local controls of blood flow to the gut during exercise
it allows blood flow to the skeletal muscles to increases in anticipation of exercise
it augments local control in providing and increased flow of blood to cardiac muscles during exercise

25
Q

One way valves are present in:

A

the heart
the major veins
the lymphatic vessels

26
Q

Lymph moves because of

A

contraction of skeletal muscles which squeeze lymphatic vessels
pressure differences within the different body cavities
smooth muscles in major lymphatic ducts that contract when stretched by filling

27
Q

Myoglobin

A

Stores oxygen in the myocardial tissues during diastole and then releases this oxygen during systole

28
Q

Blood pressure is monitored most directly by

A

Baroreceptors

29
Q

Blood clots are dissolved by the protein:

A

Plasmin

30
Q

T or F, Average blood pressure is lowest in the vessels with the smallest radius, because those vessels offer the greatest resistance to flow

A

False

31
Q

T or F, at any point in time, most of the blood in your body is located in your veins

A

True

32
Q

T or F, Small organic molecules and inorganic salts leave the blood stream through the walls of the systemic capillaries

A

True

33
Q

T or F, Resistance to flow in the cerebral circulation varies with changes in arterial pressure

A

True

34
Q

T or F, the velocity of blood is lowest in that part of the circulatory system that has the lowest blood pressure

A

False

35
Q

T or F, Because your body regulates cardiac output, your blood pressure will rise if the distensibility of your arteries declines (as in atherosclerosis)

A

True

36
Q

T or F, The amount of lymph formation is a function of the blood pressure

A

True

37
Q

Blood enters the right atrium from the Vena Cava

A

True

38
Q

The left ventricle has thicker walls, and thereby produces stronger contractions and a greater stroke volume, than the right ventricle

A

False

39
Q

Blood flow from the arteries into the arterioles even during diastole because the arterial walls are elastic and their recoil continues to drive the blood forward

A

True

40
Q

On average, all of the blood in your body moves through a capillary each minute

A

True

41
Q

80% of the water in your body is located in the interstitial tissues

A

False

42
Q

Albumins are blood proteins used in the transport of steroid hormones

A

False

43
Q

Total solute concentration is greater in the interstitial tissue fluid than in the blood plasma

A

False

44
Q

The flow of blood is greater in the aorta than the vena cava because aortic pressure is much greater than the pressure in the vena cava

A

False

45
Q

Most of ventricular filling occurs while the atria is relaxed

A

True

46
Q

When determining blood pressure, you hear the turbulent flow of blood in the brachial artery when that artery is partially occluded by the pressure cuff

A

True

47
Q

A Name for the percentage of formed elements (“cells”) in blood

A

Hematocrit

48
Q

The neurotransmitter given off by the sympathetic nervous system that acts to constrict the arterioles in the intestines

A

Norepinephrine

49
Q

Specialized regions cardiac muscle cells that permit electrical conduction between adjacent fibers

A

Intercalcated Discs

50
Q

The liquid portion of blood that has clotted

A

Serum

51
Q

You have a 10% sugar solution. How many mg of sugar do you have in each mL of solution?

A

10g glucose/100 mL = 0.1 g/ml = 100 mg/ml

52
Q

Your blood pressure, heart rate, and stroke volume all double during a bout of exercise. What has happened to your total peripheral resistance?

A

Flow = Cardiac output = Pressure difference / resistance or (SV)(HR) = Pressure difference / resistance
If SV increases 2X and HR increases 2X, then CO increases 4X
4(CO) = 4 (dP/R)
R must fall by 2X

53
Q

Your patient’s cardiac output is 6.0 liters of blood/min, his HR is 75 beats/min, and his end-diastolic volume is 120 mL. What is his end-systolic volume?

A 
CO = (HR)(SV) or CO = (HR)(EDV - ESV)
6000mL/min = 75 beats/min (120mL/beat-x)
600/75 = 80 m/b = 120 ml/b-x
X = 120 - 80 = 40 ml/beat

Human Anatomy (30 decks)

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