Heart Lab Flashcards
Which heart sound? Produced in the beginning of systole when the AV valve closes and the SL valves open
Lub sound
1st heart sound
Which heart sound? Occurs after the rapid fillings of the ventricles after the AV valves open
3rd heart sound
4 major ausculatory areas
- Aortic area
- Tricuspid area
- Pulmonary area
- Mitral area
Pressure exerted by the blood against the vessel walls
Blood pressure
The recording of the vibration sounds
Phonocardium
Which heart sound? Occurs at the time of atrial contraction. Do to rush of blood into the ventricles
4th heart sound
Which heart sound? Occurs at the end of systole and caused by the closure of the SL valves and the opening of the AV valves
DUB sound
2nd Heart sound
Area on the chest where the sounds from each valve can be heard most clearly
Ausculatory area
Highest pressure in the artery-produced during the hearts contraction
Systolic BP
Normal systolic BP
120 mmHg
Most commonly measured BP
Atrial pressure
Lowest pressure in the artery-produced during the hearts relaxation phase
Diastolic pressure
Normal diastolic BP
80mmHg
Pulse pressure formula
SP-DP
Normal pulse pressure
40 mmHg
Mean BP formulas
DP + 1/3(pulse pressure)
Cardiac output)(total peripheral resistance
Cardiac output equation
(Heart rate)(stroke volume)
Direct method to measure BP
A cannula is inserted into the artery and BP is measured with a transducer or mercury manometer
Indirect method to measure BP
With a stethoscope
Ausculatory and palpatory meathid
TPR=
Total peripheral resistance
Normal mean BP
96-100 mmHg
Normal reflex in response to a cold stimulus
Increase in BP
Indirect method where cuff is used and pressure is FELT
Palpatory method
Indirect method where cuff and stethoscope are used
Auscultatory method
4 phases of sounds heard through the stethoscope as pressure decreases during the auscultatory method
Korortkow sounds
Why can children survive longer in cold water than adults?
More dramatic mammalian dive reflex
TPR equation
Pulse pressure x HR
Normal systolic increase to cold stimulus
10 mmHg
Hypertensive systolic increase to cold stimulus
30-40 mmHg
Reflex to cold water on the face
Mammalian dive reflex
Formula to determine number of steps required to obtain s 2.5 pulse ratio
=S1 + (S2-S1)(2.5-r1)
—————————-
(r2-r1)
(Ratio 2 -Ratio 1)
Physiological effects of mamalian dive reflex
Decrease human heart rate 10-25%
Peripheral vasoconstriction of capillaries of the extremities
Index of physical fitness formula
2(sum of 3 pulse counts in recovery)
Test based on the observation that a less fit person will have a higher pulse then a normal person for the same number of steps
Tuttle pulse ratio test
Total number of pulse beats counted for one minute
Tuttles pulse ratio
Determined by the amount of exercise required to obtain s 2.5 pulse ratio
Cardiovascular efficiency
Specific gravity of blood
1.056
