Official lecture 4

Question 1

what did naussbaum have to say bout “Social constructionism relies on a particular reading of history”

Answer 1

Naussbaum said they when looking back to history, she expected to find universality but found difference. She was challenged and called out by another who said if she looked further she would find other things, yet she just read one section that supported her views and used that

Question 2

Constructionist models must account for what

Answer 2

diverse perspectives on freedom

Question 3

Oliver O’Donovan’s 2 definitions of constructionist models are what

Answer 3

raw power to act (I am able to do what I want to do)

Capacity to fill a social form (religious freedom is an example of this)

Question 4

what is Charle’s Taylors Double-loss

Answer 4

(the freedom we receive can be a trap) (the main point here is; what different ways are there to think about things) (a woman in a hijab may be seen as someone who needs to be saved/given more freedom, but to her she may be perfectly fine and may have the freedom to live her pious life the she wants)

1. We have the power to make out own meaning in life
2. The meaning we create can turn into a trap

Question 5

more particularly, the term “morality” can be used either

Answer 5

descriptively
or
normatively

Question 6

what is descriptively

Answer 6

descriptively to refer to certain codes of conduct put forward by a society or a group (such as a religion), or accepted by an individual for her own behaviour

Question 7

what is normatively

Answer 7

normatively to refer to a code of conduct that, given specific conditions, would be put forwards by all rational persons

Question 8

How does desire factor into morality

Answer 8

humans desire happiness
humans desire happiness is attained through activity
human acts (moral) (they are voluntary; they are knowingly or willingly engaged in this type of act)/acts of human beings (amoral) (amoral, hair thinning, falling when there is no ground under you, there is no WILL involved)
reason and will are sources of human action
will— appetite for the good
reason— measure of human acts (deliberation, practical judgement)

Question 9

who came up with How desire factors into morality

Answer 9

a theory by Aquinas