Final exam 3

Question 1

Muslim Sexual Ethics

Answer 1

women and islam

Question 2

The Qur’an promotes what

Answer 2

a strong egalitarian ethic, emphasizing the equality of men and women

Question 3

Today, many cultural practices around the world, in both Muslim-majority and non Muslim-majority countries do what to women freedom

Answer 3

Today, many cultural practices around the world, in both Muslim-majority and non Muslim-majority countries, limit women’s autonomy and freedom, usually supported by patriarchal legal and social institutions

Question 4

The Qur’an, the Prophet Muhammad, and Islam gave what

Answer 4

more power and autonomy to women than they had ever had before.

Right to own property and income
Rights within marriage

Question 5

To many Muslim feminists, Islam is a what

Answer 5

staunchly feminist religion

Question 6

what is the quote that sums up Sex in Islam

Answer 6

“The Islamic view of the world removes any guilt from the sexes, but it does so in order to make them available to one another and to realize a ‘dialogue of the sexes’ in a context of mutual respect and joie de vivre.”

Question 7

is sex okay in muslim religion

Answer 7

Three things were made beloved to me in this world: women, perfume, and prayer

God is pleased with a man’s playing with his wife, and records a reward for him and makes a worthy provision in the world for him because of it

yep in the confines of marriage tho

Question 8

the qur’an’s stance on social justice

Answer 8

“The Qur’an, from its very beginning, has been very emphatic regarding the amelioration of conditions for the poor and the deprived and has strongly advocated socioeconomic justice. In fact, these are cornerstones of the entire Qur’anic teaching.”

Question 9

the qur’an’s stance on Equality of the Human Community

Answer 9

“O humankind! Be aware of your duty to your Lord, Who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate and from them twain hath spread abroad a multitude of men and women.”

Question 10

the qur’an’s stance on pluralism

Answer 10

For each of you – Jews, Christians, Muslims – We have appointed a divine law and a traced- out way. Had God willed He could have made you one community. But that He may try you by that which He has given you, He has made you as you are. So vie one with another in good works

O mankind! We have created you male and female, and have made you nations and tribes that you may know one another. Lo! the noblest of you, in the sight of God, is the best in conduct

Question 11

what is Din wa Dunya

Answer 11

The guiding Islamic principle that faith (din) and the world (dunya) are two complementary dimensions of life.

Question 12

in the muslim religion, do Cultural Norms often trump Religious Ethics
how so?

Answer 12

Muslims are bound by the ethics of the Qur’an, not by the rules of culture
Some customs that conflicted with Islamic tenets increasingly found their way into the laws of various Muslim countries.

Even today, many countries use religion to justify laws that are really based on custom

Question 13

what is the Textual Reading of the Qur’an

Answer 13

The meaning of the Qur’an is fixed;
Muslims must adapt to this meaning.
! Linguistic interpretation > socio- historical interpretation.

Question 14

what is the contextual readings of the qur’an

Answer 14

The Qur’an is not considered to be a book of laws, but one which contains ideas and principles that can be applied over changing times and places.
! Meaning evolves over time, based on the the socio-historical, cultural, and linguistic contexts.

Question 15

is there Equality Between Sexes

Answer 15

“The Qur’an insistently forbids the male from exploiting the female on the strength of his stronger position in society, and Islam sets into motion the whole complex of measures - legal and moral - whereby sex exploitation would be completely eradicated.”

Question 16

what is the view on polygamy

Answer 16

Forbadetherecourseto polygamy under normal circumstances

Question 17

are women allowed to own wealth

Answer 17

Allowed women to own and earn wealth for the first time; declaring her to be an equal partner in the society.

Question 18

what is the marries life like

Answer 18

Laid down the basis of matrimonial life to be mutual love and affection.

Question 19

what is the deal with the hijab

Answer 19

The veil (hijab) is not mandated in the Qur’an; it is in the tradition.
• The veil is enforced in some countries, like Iran and Saudi Arabia, despite the Qur’anic injunction that “There is no compulsion in religion” (Q. 2:256)
• Today, Muslim women choose to wear the veil as a symbol of modesty; or as a political statement against colonialism or capitalism

Question 20

how does the qur’an differential between humans

Answer 20

“The Qur’an does not use the category of sex/gender to differentiate between humans.
! There is no ‘concept of woman’ or of ‘gendered man’ in the Qur’an.
! While the Qur’an recognizes ‘anatomical’ (sexual/biological) differences, it does not endow these differences, or sex itself, with symbolic meaning (it does not confuse sex with gender).”

Question 21

In Islam, women and men are related to one another how

Answer 21

ontologically

Question 22

In Islam, women and men are related to one another ontologically and this relationship is based on what

Answer 22

In Islam, women and men are related to one another ontologically and this relationship is based on equality and not on differentiation or hierarchy

The only basis on which the Qur’an distinguishes between humans is on the basis of their moral personality – their ability, that is, to acquire taqwa, or God-consciousness.

Question 23

what is the qur’an’s view on patriarchy

Answer 23

“The Qur’an does not teach that women and men were created from different substances, or that women was created for man, or even that woman was created after man, which are claims that religious patriarchies make in justifying sexual hierarchy/inequality.”

The teachings of the Qur’an do not support patriarchy; rather, they are highly egalitarian. Ideas of inequality and patriarchy were read into the Qur’an in order to justify existing social structures.

Question 24

Contextualising the Text: difference is not the same as inequality what does this mean

Answer 24

Some Muslims argue that there is equality in faith and worship, but not in legal and social realms.
“This is a claim that is tantamount to asserting that even though women and men are equal before God, they are not so in the sight of men.”

Question 25

what are some Critiques of Common Muslim Narratives

Answer 25

The claim that woman was created from man and is thus a secondary creature. Verse 4:1 states all humans were created from ‘a single soul’.
B) Argues that the Qur’an does not ‘assign
responsibility for the expulsion from Eden to the woman.’
C) Qur’an places men and women on the same level; the only basis for differentiation among human beings is their degree of ‘God- consciousness’ (taqwa).

Question 26

“The Qur’an must be flexible enough to accommodate innumerable cultural situations because of its claims to be universally beneficial to those who believe. what does this mean

Answer 26

Therefore, to force it to have a single cultural perspective – even the cultural perspective of the original community of the Prophet – severely limits its application and contradicts the stated universal purpose of the Book itself.”

Question 27

what is the Hermeneutical Model

Answer 27

1. Examine the context in which the text was written/revealed.
2. Examine the grammatical composition of the text (how it says what it says).
3. Examine the whole text, its Weltanschauung or world- view.

Question 28

Women between Culture and Religion: Does the Qur’an cast women as inferior to men in the social order that is envisioned by the scripture, and how has it played out in Muslim societies?

Answer 28

“Muslim women are often bewildered by the laws and judicial systems of their societies, which are supposed to be Islamic.”
! “It is well understood that social justice (adl) is a hallmark of Islam, affirmed as such both in the Qur’an and the theological literature at large. Yet Muslim societies have long dispensed injustice women in the name of Islam.”
! “Cultural assumptions and values that mask themselves as religious ones can mislead us into believing that they have divine origins, thus denying Muslims the right to assess them critically or even to reject them.”

Question 29

How did the scriptural vision of equal dignity and respect for women unfold among those to whom it was revealed?

Answer 29

1) “The rapid spread of Muslims into the Byzantine and Persian empires meant close contact with societies that had long been patriarchal. This shaped the Muslim reading of scripture and the nature of social institutions, just when the Muslim schools of law were emerging.”
“ “Example: Eve in the Qur’an
has no part in Adam’s fall, nor
is his inferior - yet is treated
in the commentaries (tafsir) + no differently than in the
Biblical ones.”
2) “Islamic legal development came under the control of state administration, despite the original idea of an independent class of jurists or ulama as ‘keepers’ of the law.”
“ “Family relations came under the control of laws actually tied to ethnic custom.”

Question 30

Contemporary Responses + to Post-Colonialist
Modernity: Two Models
give the first

Answer 30

“Some countries such as Morocco, Tunisia, and Egypt modified their legal codes on personal law to reflect to a small degree the changing nature of society, including more equitable treatment of women (which is consistent with the moral and religious egalitarianism found in the Qur’an).”

Question 31

Contemporary Responses + to Post-Colonialist

Modernity: Two Models give the second

Answer 31

“Other states have utilised the instrument of ‘Islamisation’ to legitimate political power.
• Under General Zia ul-Haq in Pakistan, this meant a patriarchal stance toward women backed by the legal system in the name of Islam.
• Beyond Zia’s Pakistan, attempts at Islamisation have ranged from Afghanistan under the Taliban to Nigeria

Question 32

“Much of what constitutes Islam today was shaped as what

Answer 32

“Much of what constitutes Islam today was shaped as a defensive reaction to the postcolonial experience, as the product of either uncritical cheerleading on behalf of what was presumed to be the Islamic tradition, or an obstinate rejectionism against what was presumed to be the Western tradition.
As such, the likes of bin Laden are the children of a profound dissonance and dysfunctional as an experienced towards both the Islamic heritage and modernity.
In my view, bin Laden, like the whole movement, is an orphan of modernity, but their claim to an authentic lineage in the Islamic civilization is tenuous at best. “