OCD and Trauma Test Bank

Question 1

A disorder that involves repetitive thoughts and behaviors that are so extreme as to interfere with everyday life is called:

a) generalized anxiety disorder.
b) post traumatic stress disorder.
c) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d) social phobic disorder.

Answer 1

c) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 2

Conditions that are triggered by exposure to severely stressful events are referred to as

a) trauma-related disorders.
b) generalized anxiety disorder.
c) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d) somatoform disorder.

Answer 2

a) trauma-related disorders.

Question 3

One way in which the DSM-5 differs from the DSM-IV-TR is that the DSM-5

a) makes OCD and trauma-related disorders part of the anxiety disorders category.
b) makes OCD and trauma-related disorders their own category.
c) eliminates OCD and trauma-related disorders.
d) none of the above.

Answer 3

b) makes OCD and trauma-related disorders their own category.

Question 4

Which of the following disorders is NOT part of the DSM-5’s OC-related and trauma-related disorders chapter?

a) body dysmorphic disorder
b) hoarding disorder
c) obsessive-compulsive disorder
d) panic disorder

Answer 4

d) panic disorder

Question 5

Intrusive, irrational, and unwanted thoughts are called

a) irrational beliefs.
b) generalized anxiety.
c) obsessions.
d) compulsions

Answer 5

c) obsessions.

Question 6

Oscar feels the urge to turn a light switch on and off 12 times before leaving a room. 
This would be referred to as 
a) an irrational belief. 
b) generalized anxiety. 
c) an obsession. 
d) a compulsion.

Answer 6

d) a compulsion.

Question 7

Which of the following is an obsession?

a) repeatedly checking that the water is turned off.
b) humming a tune over and over.
c) having a recurring fear that one is giving others illnesses when they actually are not.
d) having excessive worry over finances.

Answer 7

c) having a recurring fear that one is giving others illnesses when they actually are not.

Question 8

Which of the following is a compulsion?

a) A persistent fear of getting dirty.
b) Having persistent doubts about whether the stove was turned off that morning.
c) Persistent checking for one’s keys.
d) Persistent thoughts about harming one’s spouse.

Answer 8

c) Persistent checking for one’s keys.

Question 9

People who compulsively check their appearance and spend countless hours staring at themselves in the mirror will likely be diagnosed as having

a) obsessive-compulsive disorder
b) body dysmorphic disorder
c) generalized anxiety disorder
d) specific phobia

Answer 9

b) body dysmorphic disorder

Question 10

The most common foci for obsessions include all of the following EXCEPT

a) contamination.
b) travel.
c) sexual or aggressive impulses.
d) symmetry or order.

Answer 10

b) travel.

Question 11

Commonly reported compulsions include all of the following EXCEPT

a) pursuing cleanliness and orderliness by requesting help from others.
b) performing repetitive, magical protective acts.
c) repetitive checking to ensure that certain acts are carried out.
d) engaging in elaborate rituals.

Answer 11

a) pursuing cleanliness and orderliness by requesting help from others.

Question 12

A common symptom associated with OCD is

a) trying unsuccessfully to suppress, ignore, or neutralize the obsession.
b) self-soothing.
c) insecurity and separation anxiety.
d) volatile mood swings.

Answer 12

a) trying unsuccessfully to suppress, ignore, or neutralize the obsession.

Question 13

OCD tends to begin

a) between middle childhood and adolescence.
b) between adolescence and middle adulthood.
c) between infancy and middle childhood.
d) between middle childhood and early adulthood.

Answer 13

d) between middle childhood and early adulthood.

Question 14

OCD tends to be

a) more common in men than in women.
b) more common in women than in men.
c) as common in men as it is in women.
d) most common in older men.

Answer 14

b) more common in women than in men.

Question 15

How is body dysmorphic disorder similar to OCD?

a) both engage in compulsive behaviors
b) both have obsessive preoccupations
c) both spend inordinate amounts of time of their obsessions
d) all of the above

Answer 15

d) all of the above

Question 16

Approximately __________ percent of people diagnosed as having body dysmorphic disorder are unable to work.

a) 10
b) 25
c) 40
d) 65

Answer 16

c) 40

Question 17

Body dysmorphic disorder is most likely to begin in

a) early childhood.
b) middle childhood.
c) adolescence.
d) adulthood.

Answer 17

c) adolescence.

Question 18

Symptoms and outcomes of body dysmorphic disorder may be common across cultures, but __________ tends to differ.

a) focus on specific body parts
b) number of body parts
c) frequency of checking behaviors
d) there are no differences across cultures

Answer 18

a) focus on specific body parts

Question 19

The compulsive need to acquire objects and the inability to discard any objects is known as

a) hoarding disorder.
b) collecting disorder.
c) refuse disorder.
d) none of the above.

Answer 19

a) hoarding disorder.

Question 20

Approximately one-third of people with hoarding disorder also engage in

a) food hoarding.
b) animal hoarding.
c) collectibles hoarding.
d) all of the above.

Answer 20

b) animal hoarding.

Question 21

People diagnosed as having hoarding disorder or body dysmorphic disorder probably had a relative with

a) OCD.
b) social anxiety disorder.
c) mood disorder.
d) identity disorder.

Answer 21

a) OCD.

Question 22

All of the following brain regions are involved in OCD EXCEPT:

a) orbitofrontal cortex
b) caudate nucleus
c) anterior cingulate
d) cerebellum

Answer 22

d) cerebellum

Question 23

The estimated heritability for OCD ranges from __________ to __________ percent.

a) 10; 20
b) 40; 50
c) 60; 80
d) 90; 100

Answer 23

b) 40; 50

Question 24

The subjective feeling of knowing is called

a) ESP.
b) yedasentience.
c) clairvoyance.
d) destiny.

Answer 24

b) yedasentience.

Question 25

Behavior models of the etiology for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders emphasize

a) classical conditioning.
b) operant conditioning.
c) punishment.
d) stimulus-response relationships.

Answer 25

b) operant conditioning.

Question 26

Attempting to stop an obsession is called

a) thought suppression.
b) compulsive suppression.
c) ceasing behavior.
d) reinforcement attempts.

Answer 26

a) thought suppression.

Question 27

Substantial evidence shows that symptoms of OCD are

a) adaptive.
b) related to over-activity in the locus coeruleus.
c) a result of increased worry.
d) related to over activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nucleus and the anterior cingulate.

Answer 27

d) related to over activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nucleus and the anterior cingulate.

Question 28

Behavioral models consider compulsions to be

a) classically conditioned responses.
b) operantly conditioned responses.
c) a result of suppressed obsessions.
d) related to deficient locus coeruleus activity.

Answer 28

b) operantly conditioned responses.

Question 29

Diane has repetitive thoughts that her house will catch on fire. She repeatedly checks the stove to make sure it is turned off. Diane’s compulsive behavior serves to

a) provide immediate relief from the anxiety associated with her repetitive thoughts.
b) reinforce her checking behaviors.
c) lower her psychophysiological arousal.
d) all of the above.

Answer 29

d) all of the above.

Question 30

A study of compulsive checkers (people who continually check to see if they have done something such as turning off the stove) found that these individuals

a) mistrust their memory for actions they have performed.
b) are likely to confront sources of threat.
c) are more likely to live alone.
d) have a vulnerability schema.

Answer 30

a) mistrust their memory for actions they have performed.

Question 31

__________ is defined as the subjective feeling of knowing and is thought to be deficient in people with __________.

a) Assuredness; Panic Disorder.
b) Assuredness; OCD.
c) Yedasentience; Panic Disorder
d) Yedasentience; OCD.

Answer 31

d) Yedasentience; OCD.

Question 32

Efforts to inhibit obsessive thoughts

a) may increase obsessional thinking and negative mood.
b) may be a helpful strategy for obsessive-compulsives to use.
c) result in other problems, such as stress-induced illnesses.
d) are easier if a significant other is involved to encourage and reinforce the suppression of obsessive thoughts.

Answer 32

a) may increase obsessional thinking and negative mood.

Question 33

People diagnosed as having body dysmorphic disorder are more attuned to

a) facial symmetry
b) attractiveness
c) distortions
d) both a and b

Answer 33

d) both a and b

Question 34

According to the cognitive behavioral model, hoarding is related to all of the following EXCEPT:

a) poor organizational abilities.
b) unusual beliefs about possessions.
c) poor planning skills.
d) avoidance behaviors.

Answer 34

c) poor planning skills.

Question 35

All three OCD-related disorders respond well to

a) serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
b) dopamine inhibitors.
c) GABA enhancers.
d) norepinephrine enhancers.

Answer 35

a) serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Question 36

The most widely used psychological treatment for OCD-related disorders is

a) interpersonal psychotherapy.
b) psychoanalysis.
c) exposure and response prevention.
d) operant conditioning.

Answer 36

c) exposure and response prevention.

Question 37

Confronting one’s worst fears, such as contamination by dirty objects, is used during

a) exposure response prevention therapy.
b) psychoanalysis.
c) classical conditioning.
d) interpersonal therapy.

Answer 37

a) exposure response prevention therapy.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding exposure and ritual prevention treatment for OCD?

a) it is considered the first-line treatment approach.
b) it is especially effective when hoarding is present.
c) it is very intensive, causing as many as 25% of patients to refuse treatment.
d) it is at least partially effective for over half of the patients treated.

Answer 38

b) it is especially effective when hoarding is present.

Question 39

Which of the following treatments has been shown to be more effective than either medication or supportive psychotherapy in treating posttraumatic stress disorder?

a) progressive muscle relaxation
b) exposure that focuses on trauma-related events
c) EMDR
d) group psychotherapy with other trauma victims

Answer 39

a) progressive muscle relaxation

Question 40

Iris was in an automobile accident. She goes to a psychologist a week after the accident. If she is experiencing nightmares, flashbacks, and headaches, and is ruminating about the accident, she will likely receive which diagnosis?

a) acute stress disorder
b) generalized anxiety disorder
c) posttraumatic stress disorder
d) anxiety disorder not otherwise specified

Answer 40

a) acute stress disorder

Question 41

Extreme response to a severe stressor that includes increased anxiety, avoidance of stimuli associate with an event, and symptoms of increase arousal are symptoms of which disorder?

a) OCD
b) PTSD
c) BDD
d) MDD

Answer 41

b) PTSD

Question 42

The most common type of trauma for women that evokes PTSD is

a) homelessness.
b) widowhood.
c) rape.
d) natural disasters.

Answer 42

c) rape.

Question 43

The DSM-5 divides symptoms for PTSD into __________ categories.

a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8

Answer 43

b) 4

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT one of the DSM-5 categories for PTSD?

a) intrusively re-experiencing the traumatic event
b) avoidance of stimuli associated with the event
c) mood and cognitive changes following the trauma
d) forgetfulness and disorientation following the trauma

Answer 44

d) forgetfulness and disorientation following the trauma

Question 45

Irritable or aggressive behavior, reckless or self-destructive behavior, difficulty falling or staying asleep, and hyper-vigilance are all symptoms associated with the DSM-5’s ___________ category of PTSD.

a) intrusively re-experiencing the traumatic event
b) avoidance of stimuli associated with the event
c) mood and cognitive changes following the trauma
d) symptoms of increased arousal and reactivity

Answer 45

d) symptoms of increased arousal and reactivity

Question 46

Acute stress disorder differs from PTSD in that the symptoms

a) are more severe.
b) last longer.
c) last only a short period of time.
d) are hard to define.

Answer 46

c) last only a short period of time.

Question 47

According to the DSM-5, all of the following are symptoms of ASD EXCEPT:

a) recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories since the trauma.
b) recurrent distressing dreams about the trauma.
c) dissociative reactions (flashbacks) since the trauma.
d) all of the above are symptoms of ASD.

Answer 47

d) all of the above are symptoms of ASD.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a likely comorbid diagnosis for those with PTSD?

a) major depression
b) social anxiety disorder
c) substance abuse
d) other anxiety disorders

Answer 48

b) social anxiety disorder

Question 49

The two-factor model of conditioning for PTSD involves classical conditioning and

a) operant conditioning.
b) socialization
c) a neutral stimulus.
d) modeling.

Answer 49

a) operant conditioning.

Question 50

The __________ of the trauma influences whether or not a person will develop PTSD.

a) severity
b) frequency
c) source
d) difficulty

Answer 50

a) severity

Question 51

As with the anxiety disorders, PTSD appears to be related to a greater activation of the amygdala and diminished activation of the

a) temporal lobes.
b) occipital lobes.
c) frontal cortex.
d) medial prefrontal cortex.

Answer 51

d) medial prefrontal cortex.

Question 52

Feeling removed from one’s body or one’s emotions, or being unable to remember an event, is predictive of

a) PTSD.
b) OCD.
c) GAD.
d) all of the above.

Answer 52

a) PTSD.

Question 53

Norepinephrine and __________ are typically present during periods of extreme stress, which leads to stronger memory formation.

a) serotonin
b) cortisol
c) testosterone
d) none of the above

Answer 53

b) cortisol

Question 54

People diagnosed with PTSD consistently demonstrated deficits on neuropsychological tests of verbal memory even while performing adequately on tests of

a) visual memory.
b) auditory memory.
c) sensory memory.
d) cortisol memory.

Answer 54

a) visual memory.

Question 55

Treatment of acute stress disorder is

a) unnecessary, as most people recover anyway with time.
b) dangerous, as reliving the event increases the trauma.
c) important, as it reduces the risk of developing PTSD.
d) difficult, as it is hard to recreate the original trauma.

Answer 55

c) important, as it reduces the risk of developing PTSD.

Question 56

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

a) is the best treatment available for PTSD.
b) is very controversial.
c) has been empirically proven to work better than exposure or cognitive therapy.
d) is supported by strong theoretical explanations.

Answer 56

b) is very controversial.

Question 57

__________ is the primary treatment for PTSD.

a) exposure treatment
b) flooding
c) classical conditioning
d) affective rehearsal treatment

Answer 57

a) exposure treatment

Question 58

When the person deliberately remembers the event in therapy, it is called

a) treatment exposure.
b) imaginal exposure.
c) cruel treatment.
d) reactivation treatment.

Answer 58

b) imaginal exposure.

Question 59

__________ therapy is designed to help victims of rape and childhood sexual abuse to dispute tendencies towards self-blame.

a) Exposure
b) Imaginal exposure
c) Cognitive processing
d) None of the above

Answer 59

c) Cognitive processing

Question 60

__________ involves immediate treatment of trauma victims within 72 hours of the traumatic event.

a) Emergency therapy
b) Critical incident stress debriefing
c) Victim distancing therapy
d) All of the above

Answer 60

b) Critical incident stress debriefing

Question 61

Which of the following symptoms is not part of the diagnosis of Hoarding Disorder?

a) Perceived flaw or flaws in the appearance of the home or workplace.
b) Difficulty discarding items regardless of their value.
c) Compromise in the usefulness of living spaces due to the accumulation of possessions.
d) Distress when thinking about discarding useless items.

Answer 61

a) Perceived flaw or flaws in the appearance of the home or workplace.

Question 62

If hoarding symptoms develop as part of schizophrenia, hoarding disorder ________

a) should not be diagnosed.
b) probably will be considered instead.
c) must be listed as a co-morbid diagnosis.
d) should not be diagnosed unless the individual is particularly unaware of the problem.

Answer 62

a) should not be diagnosed.

Question 63

In spite of strong ethics that would prevent it, Tony experiences recurrent and unwanted thoughts that he might behave inappropriately toward a supervisor at work. To be given a diagnosis of OCD, he must also:

a) actively attempt to ignore the thoughts.
b) engage in a superstitious ritual to prevent the behavior from occurring.
c) be unaware that the worry about behaving in such a way is irrational.
d) have difficulty discarding possessions regardless of their value.

Answer 63

a) actively attempt to ignore the thoughts.

Question 64

Symptoms of PTSD are grouped into which of the following major categories?

a) Re-experiencing of traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with event, negative alterations in mood or cognition, and increased arousal or reactivity
b) Re-experiencing of traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with event, and anxiety
c) Hypervigilance, avoidance of stimuli associated with event, and exaggerated startle response
d) Avoidance of stimuli associated with event, symptoms of increased arousal, and symptoms of suicidality

Answer 64

a) Re-experiencing of traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with event, negative alterations in mood or cognition, and increased arousal or reactivity

Question 65

In PTSD, criteria for negative alterations in mood or cognition include all of these except:

a) Social withdrawal in women
b) More frequent negative mood in children
c) Blaming others
d) Inability to recall specific aspects of the trauma

Answer 65

a) Social withdrawal in women

Question 66

Rather than being considered part of the avoidance cluster of symptoms, the DSM-5 considers numbing symptoms such as feeling distant from others to be part of the ___________ category.

a) Negative alterations in cognition and mood
b) Re-experiencing the trauma
c) Increased social withdrawal
d) Decreased arousal and increased reactivity

Answer 66

a) Negative alterations in cognition and mood

Question 67

Taken as a whole, the criteria for Acute Stress Disorder and the criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder are __________ in the DSM-5 than in the DSM-IV-TR.

a) more similar
b) more distinct
c) particularly different in terms of severity of symptoms
d) unchanged

Answer 67

a) more similar

Question 68

In more religious cultures, obsessions involved in OCD are

a) less prevalent than in less religious cultures.
b) more likely to involve religious themes.
c) considered blasphemous.
d) more likely to involve themes of identity.

Answer 68

b) more likely to involve religious themes.

Question 69

A strictly behavioral therapist treating Steve for contamination fear due to OCD would use which of the following interventions?

a) Have Steve meditate daily.
b) Have Steve challenge the idea that it is necessary to be clean.
c) Have Steve purposely get dirty.
d) Have Steve say ‘stop’ to himself quietly when he feels he must wash

Answer 69

c) Have Steve purposely get dirty.

Question 70

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding exposure and ritual prevention treatment for OCD?

a) It is considered the first-line treatment approach.
b) It is especially effective when hoarding is present.
c) It is very intensive, causing as many as 25% of patients to refuse treatment.
d) It is at least partially effective for over half of the patients treated.

Answer 70

b) It is especially effective when hoarding is present.