Eating Disorders Test Bank Flashcards
In the opening case study, Lynne, the 24-year-old who weighted only 78 pounds, was admitted to the psychiatric ward of general hospital for the treatment of:
a) anorexia nervosa.
b) bulimia nervosa.
c) depression.
d) anxiety.
a) anorexia nervosa.
Many cultures, including the United States, are preoccupied with food. Evidence of this fact includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a) number of restaurants available
b) food magazines
c) cooking shows on television
d) number of diet books on the market
d) number of diet books on the market
Starting with the DSM-IV, eating disorders were listed as
a) disorders beginning in childhood or adolescence
b) somatization disorders
c) psychological factors affecting medical condition
d) a separate diagnostic category
d) a separate diagnostic category
The DSM-5 categorizes eating disorders in the ___________ chapter:
a) Feeding and Eating Disorders
b) Substance Use Disorders
c) Anxiety Disorders
d) Obsessive Compulsive and Trauma Related Disorders
a) Feeding and Eating Disorders
Feeding and Eating Disorders also include which of the following disorders?
a) Pica
b) Rumination Disorders
c) Anxiety Disorders
d) Both a and b
d) Both a and b
Eating disorders carry a stigma. In a recent research study, participants read vignettes about a woman with an eating disorder or a woman with depression. Compared to the woman with depression, the woman with an eating disorder was viewed as:
a) more responsible for her condition
b) less fragile
c) less likely to be trying to get attention with her disorder
d) none of the above
a) more responsible for her condition
In the DSM-IV-TR, ____________ was viewed as a condition requiring further study, but in the DSM-5 it has its own diagnostic category.
a) binge eating disorder
b) obsessive eating disorder
c) pica
d) rumination disorder
a) binge eating disorder
Most people with anorexia nervosa
a) lose their appetite
b) lose their interest in food
c) lose both their appetite and interest in food
d) do not lose their appetite or interest in food
d) do not lose their appetite or interest in food
__________ refers to a loss of appetite, while __________ indicates that it is due to emotional reasons.
a) bulimia, anorexia
b) anorexia, nervosa
c) nervosa, anorexia
d) anorexia, bulimia
b) anorexia, nervosa
People with anorexia nervosa
a) stop eating because of an abnormal increase in blood sugar, which alters their perceptions of hunger.
b) fear gaining weight so much that they stop eating.
c) have lost their appetite, leading them to stop eating.
d) stop eating but do not lose weight.
b) fear gaining weight so much that they stop eating.
Anorexia nervosa implies that those with the disorder become uninterested in food, while the reality is that:
a) they are preoccupied with food
b) they are repulsed by food
c) they like to watch other people eat food
d) they truly are not interested in food
a) they are preoccupied with food
The three features that are required for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) restriction of behaviors that lead to very low body weight
b) intense fear of gaining weight and being fat
c) distorted body image
d) body weight is normal
d) body weight is normal
The loss of menstrual period is known as:
a) amenorrhea
b) dysmenorrhea
c) premenstrual syndrome
d) fibrosis
a) amenorrhea
The distorted body image that accompanies anorexia nervosa is frequently assessed using the:
a) Eating Disorders Inventory
b) Ecological Momentary Assessment
c) Feeding Distortion Inventory
d) none of the above
a) Eating Disorders Inventory
When pointing to their ideal male body type, men with eating disorders chose body types that were:
a) larger than what the average male chose
b) smaller than what the average male chose
c) the same size as what the average male chose
d) they could not report what the difference was
c) the same size as what the average male chose
Cathy stopped eating meals over two months ago. Now she eats very little, and only when under some family pressure. She has lost over 22 pounds, and is now about 15% below normal body weight for her height. She probably has
a) anorexia, restricting type
b) anorexia, binge-eating-purging type
c) bulimia nervosa
d) binge eating disorder
a) anorexia, restricting type
Betsy is excessively concerned that she is becoming fat and restricts her eating to avoid such a consequence. She weighs approximately 20% less than normal body weight given her height. At times, she will sit down with her family and eat a full meal, but immediately afterwards takes several laxatives. Betsy most likely has
a) anorexia, restricting type
b) anorexia, binge-eating-purging type
c) bulimia nervosa
d) binge eating disorder
b) anorexia, binge-eating-purging type
Review of the anorexia nervosa subtype literature for the preparation of the DSM-5 concluded that they had:
a) high reliability
b) high predictive validity
c) low predictive validity
d) low reliability
c) low predictive validity
Anorexia nervosa typically begins in:
a) early childhood
b) adolescence
c) early adulthood
d) late adulthood
b) adolescence
Anorexia nervosa occurs:
a) 10 times more frequently in women than it does in men
b) 20 times more frequently in women than it does in men
c) 30 times more frequently in women than it does in men
d) equally in men and women
a) 10 times more frequently in women than it does in men
People with anorexia nervosa are also frequently diagnosed with
a) depression
b) anxiety
c) substance abuse
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
A biological consequence of anorexia nervosa is
a) dry skin
b) kidney and gastrointestinal problems
c) lanugo
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Regina visits her family physician. Her weight is 90 pounds, although she believes she is overweight. She ‘snacks’ on laxatives, and restricts her eating to one small meal a day, after which she exercises for two hours. Her physical exam is likely to reveal that she has
a) lowered heart rate and blood pressure
b) calcium deposits
c) improved muscle tone
d) fibroid tumors
a) lowered heart rate and blood pressure
What is the most likely prognosis for a woman with anorexia nervosa?
a) She will regain normal weight as she enters puberty.
b) She will never recover.
c) She will recover within a year with no relapses.
d) She will eventually recover, but will likely relapse and continue to struggle with the disorder for years.
d) She will eventually recover, but will likely relapse and continue to struggle with the disorder for years.
Bulimia comes from a Greek word meaning:
a) excessiveness
b) expulsion
c) ox-hunger
d) compensatory
c) ox-hunger
The DSM-5 categorizes bulimia nervosa as
a) an organic mental disorder
b) a subtype of binge eating disorder
c) a subtype of anorexia nervosa
d) an eating disorder separate from anorexia nervosa
d) an eating disorder separate from anorexia nervosa
During binge episodes, many bulimics
a) feel a great sense of control
b) experience a feeling of being out of control
c) feel very satisfied
d) none of the above
b) experience a feeling of being out of control
In bulimia nervosa, binge eating typically occurs
a) while alone
b) after stress
c) after a negative social interaction
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
The feature common to both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is
a) refusal to maintain normal body weight
b) fear of gaining weight
c) purging to prevent weight gain
d) none of the above
b) fear of gaining weight
Prior to the onset of bulimia, sufferers often
a) have anorexia nervosa
b) are overweight and dieting
c) have attempted suicide
d) have higher than normal levels of serotonin
b) are overweight and dieting
As compared to anorexia nervosa, the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa is associated with
a) higher mortality rates
b) lower mortality rates
c) equal mortality rates
d) none of the above; data on mortality caused by eating disorders does not exist
b) lower mortality rates
Binge eating disorder is characterized by bingeing
a) between periods of starvation
b) and purging afterwards
c) with weight under 85% of normal
d) without compensatory behaviors
d) without compensatory behaviors
Beatrice has lost control of her eating. She gorges on huge amounts of high-fat fast foods, eating as much as 2000 calories in 30 minutes. She is gaining weight rapidly, and weighs over 170 pounds. Which disorder best fits Beatrice’s symptoms?
a) bulimia nervosa
b) anorexia nervosa
c) obesity
d) binge eating disorder
d) binge eating disorder
Individuals with binge eating disorder are
a) relatively confident with their body image
b) more likely to be African American than Caucasian
c) more likely to be men than women
d) often obese
d) often obese
Which of the following is defined, in part, by the absence of purging?
a) anorexia nervosa
b) bulimia nervosa
c) binge eating disorder
d) purging occurs in all of these conditions
c) binge eating disorder
Which of the following is most prevalent?
a) binge eating disorder
b) anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type
c) anorexia nervosa, restricting type
d) bulimia nervosa
a) binge eating disorder
When those with bulimia nervosa are bingeing they:
a) are fully aware of what they are doing and feel shame afterwards
b) are not always fully aware of what they are doing and feel shame afterwards
c) do not care what they are doing and whether their actions are positive or negative
d) none of the above
b) are not always fully aware of what they are doing and feel shame afterwards
The DSM-5 diagnosis of Bulimia Nervosa requires that the episodes of bingeing occur:
a) at least once a month for 3 months
b) at least once a week for 3 months
c) at least once a month for 6 months
d) at least once a week for 6 months
b) at least once a week for 3 months
Bulimia nervosa typically begins in:
a) childhood
b) early or middle adolescence
c) late adolescence or early adulthood
d) late adulthood
c) late adolescence or early adulthood
The physical consequences of bulimia nervosa include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) menstrual problems
b) loss of dental enamel
c) irregular heartbeat
d) colon cancer
d) colon cancer
The normal BMI for a woman is:
a) 15-20
b) 20-25
c) 25-30
d) none of the above
b) 20-25
Risk factors associated with developing binge eating disorder include:
a) childhood obesity
b) critical comment regarding being overweight
c) childhood physical or sexual abuse
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
The physical consequence associated with binge eating disorder includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a) breathing problems
b) cardiovascular problems
c) kidney failure
d) joint/muscle problems
c) kidney failure
In 2012, over __________ of men and women in the US were obese.
a) 10%
b) a quarter
c) a third
d) two thirds
c) a third
Eating disorders are usually caused by
a) genetic disposition
b) neurochemical imbalance
c) sociocultural pressures
d) a combination of factors
d) a combination of factors
In 2010, a study of over 500,000 women found that __________ was more important in predicting high birth weights than genetic factors
a) mothers’ weight gain during pregnancy
b) mothers’ level of exercise during pregnancy
c) fathers’ weight
d) none of the above
a) mothers’ weight gain during pregnancy
If your sister has anorexia nervosa and you are female,
a) you are over ten times more likely to have anorexia nervosa
b) you are over twenty times more likely to have anorexia nervosa
c) you are over two times more likely to have anorexia nervosa.
d) there is no greater risk to you for developing anorexia nervosa
a) you are over ten times more likely to have anorexia nervosa
Twin studies of eating disorders have shown
a) environmental factors to be of greater influence than genetic factors.
b) higher concordance amongst monozygotic (MZ) twins compared to dizygotic (DZ) twins.
c) that genes do not affect personality characteristics associated with eating disorders.
d) all of the above.
b) higher concordance amongst monozygotic (MZ) twins compared to dizygotic (DZ) twins.
Genetic influences on eating disorders are
a) a substantial factor
b) a minor factor
c) not important for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa
d) not important for obesity
a) a substantial factor
Research regarding the role of the hypothalamus in anorexia nervosa indicates that
a) the hypothalamus is damaged in most individuals with anorexia.
b) hypothalamus dysfunction is the most likely explanation for the fact that people with anorexia do not experience hunger.
c) the hypothalamus appears to be overactive in people with anorexia, leading to binge eating.
d) dysfunction in the hypothalamus does not seem to be an important factor in anorexia.
d) dysfunction in the hypothalamus does not seem to be an important factor in anorexia.
Although the hypothalamus has been considered a part of the biological etiology of anorexia, a limitation of this view is that it does not take into account
a) hunger and the obsession with food
b) body image disturbance
c) fear of becoming fat
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Research has found that in those with anorexia nervosa, endogenous opioids
a) are at low levels, leading to euphoria
b) are at high levels, leading to euphoria
c) are released by purging, leading to euphoria
d) are decreased by bingeing, leading to euphoria
b) are at high levels, leading to euphoria
Which of the following brain mechanisms have been implicated in anorexia?
a) Starvation releases natural pain-reducing opioids producing a high, which reinforces not eating.
b) With puberty, the dramatic increase in female hormones damages centers that control eating in the thalamus and pituitary.
c) Excessive exercise depletes the brain of neurotransmitters utilized by areas that regulate hunger or satiation.
d) Stress-released hormones reduce the sensitivity of receptors that detect blood-sugar levels and release hormones that induce hunger.
a) Starvation releases natural pain-reducing opioids producing a high, which reinforces not eating.
The neurotransmitter most closely associated with eating disorders is
a) epinephrine
b) norepinephrine
c) opioids
d) serotonin
d) serotonin
Recent research has begun to focus on the role of __________ in eating behavior.
a) norepinephrine
b) epinephrine
c) dopamine
d) estrogen
c) dopamine
Paula scored higher on a measure of dietary restraint than did Roberta. Based on this information, recent research suggests that
a) Roberta would be more likely to have bulimia nervosa.
b) Paula would be more likely to have anorexia nervosa.
c) Roberta will probably exhibit greater dopamine activity in her brain when presented with food.
d) Paula will probably exhibit greater dopamine activity in her brain when presented with food.
d) Paula will probably exhibit greater dopamine activity in her brain when presented with food.
Studies of perfectionism in anorexia nervosa indicate that which of the following statements would be most typical of an anorexic?
a) “I must complete all my work before I can enjoy a night out.”
b) “I can’t stand it when my boyfriend lets me down by not buying me flowers on special occasions.”
c) “I’ve got to show my teacher that I can meet his goal for me of winning the debate championship.”
d) “I can’t possibly be expected to meet the unrealistically high standards that my parents have set for me.”
c) “I’ve got to show my teacher that I can meet his goal for me of winning the debate championship.”
In the cognitive-behavioral view, the non-eating of anorexics is reinforced by
a) reducing anxiety about being fat
b) reducing sexual demands from males
c) attention of overly concerned family members
d) increased time and energy for studies
a) reducing anxiety about being fat
Bingeing in a person with anorexia nervosa is most likely to happen
a) after family conflict.
b) after a lapse in a strict diet.
c) after struggling with the disorder for at least one year.
d) none of the above; bingeing appears to happen randomly in anorexia.
b) after a lapse in a strict diet.
The cognitive-behavioral view of bulimia suggests that binges result from
a) breaking self-rules about dieting.
b) ambivalence over social pressure to be thin.
c) excessive desire for peer approval.
d) not accepting responsibility for actions.
a) breaking self-rules about dieting.
Polivy and others conducted a series of studies in which participants tasted ice cream. These studies looked at the participants’ tendency to
a) refuse food
b) binge
c) purge
d) feel guilty
b) binge
Recent studies on cognitive-behavioral factors involved in bulimia nervosa have shown that bingeing and purging may function as means of
a) relieving stress and negative affect
b) increasing energy and thus mood
c) feeling in control of the situation
d) distracting oneself from inner pain
a) relieving stress and negative affect
Which of the following statements is true regarding gender differences in eating disorders?
a) Women are more likely to have bulimia, while men are more likely to have anorexia.
b) Men are more likely to have bulimia, while women are more likely to have anorexia.
c) Women are more likely to have both bulimia and anorexia than men.
d) Adequate prevalence data on eating disorders has not been collected for men, because men are reluctant to disclose disordered eating patterns.
c) Women are more likely to have both bulimia and anorexia than men.
After looking through a fashion magazine, Daisy feels fat and is ashamed of her body. She doubts that she will ever be as thin as the models she sees in the magazine. Which theory explains Daisy’s reactions to the magazine?
a) biosocial theory
b) expectancy theory
c) objectification theory
d) self-deprecating theory
c) objectification theory
Margaret, a Canadian, and Rosemary, a Nigerian, are asked to rate the attractiveness of a drawing of an obese woman. Which of the following is most likely to occur?
a) They will similarly rate the woman as highly unattractive.
b) They will similarly rate the woman as highly attractive.
c) Rosemary will rate the woman as more attractive than Margaret’s rating of the woman.
d) Margaret will rate the woman as more attractive than Rosemary’s rating of the woman.
c) Rosemary will rate the woman as more attractive than Margaret’s rating of the woman.
Lydia is a white, upper-class woman with anorexia. Which of the following is most likely to also be true of Lydia?
a) She has dieted before.
b) She also has bulimia.
c) She also has bipolar disorder.
d) She reads many women’s magazines.
a) She has dieted before.
Eating disorders are more common in women who are
a) single
b) white
c) urban
d) less educated
b) white
The difference in the incidence of eating disorders between Caucasian and African Americans has been largely attributed to
a) genetic factors.
b) family environment factors.
c) socioeconomic status rather than race, but this is less true today.
d) errors in diagnosis.
c) socioeconomic status rather than race, but this is less true today.
Evelyn is Hispanic and reports a higher level of acculturative stress than Katherine, who is African American. Which of these women is more likely to have greater body dissatisfaction?
a) Evelyn
b) Katherine
c) They are both equally likely to have body dissatisfaction due to their culture.
d) There is not enough information to answer this question.
a) Evelyn
A group of college students reads a case study about a woman who is 5’6”, weighs 105 pounds, and is experiencing amenorrhea. Recent research suggests that these students are more likely to believe her symptoms are a result of an eating disorder
a) if her race is presented as Native American.
b) if her race is presented as Hispanic.
c) if her socioeconomic status is presented as middle class.
d) if her race is presented as Caucasian.
d) if her race is presented as Caucasian.
The textbook authors assert that psychologists need to consider what when evaluating the personalities of people with anorexia and bulimia?
a) How friendly they are
b) Severe restriction of food intake can have powerful effects on personality and behavior
c) Personality shouldn’t be important when trying to understand an eating disorder
d) Psychosocial stressors are more important to assess than personality
b) Severe restriction of food intake can have powerful effects on personality and behavior
A recent review of many studies concludes that __________, no matter how it is measured, is higher among girls with anorexia than girls without anorexia, and that it remains high even after successful treatment for anorexia.
a) neuroticism
b) introversion
c) constraint
d) perfectionism
d) perfectionism
Regarding family influences on eating disorders, most anorexics and bulimics report
a) high levels of familial support
b) high levels of familial support and low levels of familial conflict
c) low levels of familial support
d) high levels of familial conflict
d) high levels of familial conflict
A weakness of many of the family studies of eating disorders is that
a) most rely upon self-report and not direct observation.
b) an inadequate level of attention paid to third variable causes.
c) limited generalizability, given the laboratory nature of the research.
d) an overreliance upon a single theoretical paradigm.
a) most rely upon self-report and not direct observation.
A recent area of research in eating disorders has been
a) actual eating habits.
b) associated fears such as phobias or other anxiety disorders.
c) concerns with self-focused attention.
d) child abuse and the link to eating disorders.
d) child abuse and the link to eating disorders.
Drug treatment of bulimia nervosa is most significantly limited by
a) the lack of demonstrated effectiveness of the drugs
b) addiction
c) dropping out of treatment
d) the resulting obesity
c) dropping out of treatment
Which is NOT a disadvantage of medication in the treatment of bulimia?
a) relapses when medication is stopped
b) it controls only bingeing, not purging
c) unpleasant side effects
d) high dropout rates
b) it controls only bingeing, not purging
Studies have shown drug treatment to be
a) effective for bulimia only
b) effective for anorexia only
c) effective for both bulimia and anorexia
d) ineffective for both bulimia and anorexia
a) effective for bulimia only
Adelaide, who has bulimia, is being treated solely with fluoxetine (Prozac). If she stops taking the drug, she will most likely
a) relapse
b) become obese
c) develop anorexia nervosa
d) maintain normal eating patterns over the long term
a) relapse
Efforts to treat bulimia nervosa using antidepressant drugs have been complicated by
a) low federal funding for such studies
b) frequent side effects
c) treatment refusal
d) all of the above
c) treatment refusal
The first step in treating severe cases of anorexia nervosa is
a) medication to reduce anxiety about eating
b) education on the importance of a well-balanced diet
c) hospitalization to promote and monitor eating
d) assessment to identify causes and plan individualized treatment
c) hospitalization to promote and monitor eating
Combined hospital treatment and cognitive behavior therapy of anorexia nervosa has been effective in
a) encouraging compliance with medication treatment.
b) maintaining improvements in symptoms for up to one year.
c) producing short-term weight gain only.
d) building skills to resist social pressures.
b) maintaining improvements in symptoms for up to one year.
The principal form of psychological treatment for anorexia nervosa is
a) reinforcing appropriate eating behaviors
b) providing a safe inpatient environment
c) social skills training
d) family therapy
d) family therapy
Which of the following has been shown to lead to reliable long-term maintenance of weight gain in treating anorexia?
a) cognitive-behavioral therapy
b) family therapy
c) psychodynamic therapy
d) none of the above has been shown to reliably lead to long-term maintenance of weight gain
d) none of the above has been shown to reliably lead to long-term maintenance of weight gain
In treating bulimia nervosa, the overall goal is to teach the individual to
a) accept their natural shape
b) monitor caloric intake
c) develop normal eating patterns
d) have other social outlets
c) develop normal eating patterns
After successful cognitive-behavioral treatment of bulimia, patients sometimes also
a) become obese
b) have reduced depression
c) develop anorexia nervosa
d) witness marital conflict in their parents
b) have reduced depression
Successful treatment of bulimia nervosa often results in
a) modest weight gain
b) reduced psychological problems
c) improved family and social relations
d) academic gains
b) reduced psychological problems
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the combined use of CBT and medications for bulimia?
a) Adding drug treatment to CBT sometimes enhances the effectiveness of CBT for alleviating the co-occurring depression.
b) Medication alone is more effective than CBT.
c) Interpersonal therapy works more quickly and more effectively than CBT.
d) Over 75% of bulimic patients recover after receiving CBT
a) Adding drug treatment to CBT sometimes enhances the effectiveness of CBT for alleviating the co-occurring depression.
Cognitive-behavioral treatment of bulimia nervosa is effective
a) half of the time or less
b) if combined with drug treatment
c) but with high relapse rates
d) if family and friends are supportive
a) half of the time or less
Which of the following is NOT listed as a type of preventive intervention for eating disorders?
a) psychoeducational approaches
b) de-emphasizing sociocultural influences
c) banning junk foods from elementary schools
d) risk factor approach
c) banning junk foods from elementary schools
Studies show that those with eating disorders __________ more than the average person does.
a) focus on food-related words
b) go to restaurants
c) stay at home
d) ruminate over their problems
a) focus on food-related words
Family-based therapy focuses on all of the following EXCEPT:
a) helping parents restore their daughter to a healthy weight
b) building up family functioning in the context of adolescent development
c) individual treatment for family members
d) helping parents understand normal adolescent development
c) individual treatment for family members
Which of the following is a form of cognitive behavior therapy that has some proven success in treating eating disorders?
a) guided self-help CBT
b) documentation CBT
c) family-oriented CBT
d) none of the above
a) guided self-help CBT
CBT for binge eating emphasizes:
a) self-monitoring
b) self-control
c) problem-solving in eating
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
The new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa include each of the following except:
a) Amenorrhea
b) Restriction of food leading to very low body weight
c) Fear of weight gain
d) Distorted body image
a) Amenorrhea
In anorexia nervosa, ______________ is the most central feature.
a) restriction of food that leads to very low body weight
b) refusal to eat
c) purging leading to very low body weight
d) emergence of lanugo
a) restriction of food that leads to very low body weight
