Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Flashcards
Is snoring synonymous with OSA?
No, 50% of the population snore
How does sleepiness and tiredness/lethargy differ?
Sleepiness is the ability to fall asleep very easily cf. general fatigue
What is the most common cause of daytime sleepiness?
Lifestyle - not enough sleep
What are some DDx for daytime sleepiness?
Lifestyle
Drugs/Alcohol
Sleep breathing disorder
Restless leg syndrome
Insomnia
Narcolepsy
Why does the tongue fall back?
Loss of genioglossus muscle tone
What is the sex proportions for OSA?
24% of males
8% of females
What are the cardinal symptoms of OSA?
Heavy snoring
Daytime somnolence
Witnessed apnoea
Unrefreshed sleep
Nocturia
What are some consequences of OSA?
Neuro
- Excessive sleepiness
- Psychologic problems
- Stroke
- Dementia
- ADHD
Cardio-Respiratory
- HTN
- Cor pulmonale
- MI
- Arrhythmias/sudden death
- Polycythaemia
What are some risk factors for OSA?
Age
Male
Obesity
Alcohol/Sedatives
Upper airway morphology
What is a significant desaturation during an apnoea?
>4%
How is OSA diagnosed?
Number of events per hour (apnoea hypopnoea index)
5-15: mild
15-30: moderate
>30: severe
What is the definition of an apnoea?
Complete cessation of airflow for 10s or longer
What is an hypopnoea?
30% or more reduction in airflow associated with >3% O2 desaturation or an alpha wave arousal from sleep
How do you assess whether some with diagnosed OSA needs treatment?
Chance of long term adverse complications
Clinical picture
Social factors
When is surgery used in OSA?
Children mainly
Rarely adults
