Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What does spherocytes on the blood film mean possibly?

A

Warm haemolytic anaemia

Hereditary spherocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which part of the Hb is affected in thalessemia?

A

Globin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are pencil cells?

A

A feature of iron deficiency anaemia

(Not in thalessemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Will an upper GI bleed cause a positive faecal occult blood test?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is diagnostic test for thalassemia?

A

Haemoglobin electrophoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some causes of microcytic anaemia?

A

Fe deficiency

Thalassemia

Chronic disease

Inherited spherocytic

Lead poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the RDW in Fe deficiency and thal minor?

A

Fe - elevated

Thal - normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a systematic way to classify causes of anaemia?

A

Blood loss

Decreased production

Increased destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How long do B12 stores last?

A

18 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In terms of the classification of anaemia’s, what types of anaemia is Fe deficiency anaemia?

A

Blood loss

Decreased production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does the urine go dark in haemolysis?

A

Generally no as it won’t pass through the glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How long does the folate stores last?

A

3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the next test to be performed with spherocytes are seen? How is it interrupted?

A

Direct combs test

  • Positive: warm haemolytic anaemia
  • Negative: hereditary spherocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Ix reticulocyte count useful for?

A

Determining the function of the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is Fe absorbed? How much can be absorbed per day?

A

Duodenum

1mg per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the size of cells in folate and B12 deficiency?

A

Macrocytic

17
Q

What is the most common cause of Fe deficiency in Australia?

A

Occult blood loss from the GIT

18
Q

In haemolysis, is the bilirubin conjugated or unconjugated?

A

Unconjugated

19
Q

Why might the platelets be up in a patient with fatigue?

A

Platelets can be elevated in Fe deficiency anaemia

A inflammatory process might be elevating the platelets

20
Q

What abnormal cells might be seen in thalassemia?

A

Target cells

21
Q

What does a leukoerythroblastic picture in peripheral blood reflect?

A

Bone marrow invasion pushing bone marrow precursors into the peripheral blood

22
Q

What do you look for on blood film in haemolysis?

A

Spherocytes = warm autoimmune anaemia or hereditary spherocytosis

Fragments + Schistocytes = microangiopathy

Bite cells + blisters = oxidative damage

23
Q

What is the red cell distribution width (RDW)?

A

The width of the peak of the standard deviation of the RBC number and MCV

24
Q

What are the five signs of haemolytic anaemia

A

Abnormal blood film

Raised lactate dehydrogenase

Raised reticulocyte counts

Raised unconjugated bilirubin

Reduced haptoglobin

25
What must you be wary of when looking at the ferritin in iron studies?
It's an acute phase reactant therefore may be inappropriately normal
26
What test will measure long term folate levels?
Red cell folate
27
What causes decreased RBC production?
Anaemia of chronic disease Low haematinitcs - Folate, B12, iron Bone marrow failure Endocrine disorders - Thyroid, low EPO Infectious eg TB, HIV