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Abnormal Psychology > Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders > Flashcards

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

A disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

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2
Q

True or False: The presence of both obsessions and compulsions are required to meet the diagnostic criteria for OCD.

A

False

To meet the diagnostic criteria for OCD, either obsessions or compulsions can be present, or both can be present.

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3
Q

Recurrent intrusive thoughts or impulses that the client seeks to suppress or neurtralize, while recognizing that they are not imposed by outside forces

A

Obsessions

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4
Q

Repetitive, ritualistic, time-consuming behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform to suppress obsessions

A

Compulsions

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5
Q

What are the 4 symptom subtypes of OCD?

A
  1. Symmetry/exactness/”just right”
  2. Forbidden thoughts or actions (aggressive/sexual/religious)
  3. Cleaning/contamination
  4. Hoarding
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6
Q

Syndrome characterized by sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization

A

Tic disorder

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7
Q

Syndrome in which OCD and tics occur after a bout of strep throat

A

Pediatric autoimmune disorder associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS)

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8
Q

Umbrella term that is a revised and broadened version of PANDAS

A

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS)

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9
Q

What is the difference between OCD and other compulsive-like behaviors such as substance use disorder and gambling disorder?

A

In OCD, compulsions are not associated with pleasure, whereas in other compulsive-like behaviors, the individual derives pleasure from their compulsions.

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10
Q

What 3 brain structures are unusually active in people with OCD and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)?

A
  • Orbitofrontal cortex
  • Caudate nucleus
  • Anterior cingulate
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11
Q

What 4 brain structures show alterations in structure and activity level in individuals with OCD?

A
  • Frontal cortex
  • Basal ganglia
  • Striatum
  • Thalamus
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12
Q

What type of conditioning reinforces compulsions?

A

Operant conditioning

Compulsions are reinforced via operant conditioning because they reduce anxiety.

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13
Q

What is the thinking style of individuals with OCD?

A

Rigid, moralistic thinking style

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14
Q

The subjective sense of knowing that one has achieved closure on an action or thought

A

Yedasentience

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15
Q

Equating thoughts with the specific actions or activity represented by the thoughts

A

Thought-action fusion

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16
Q

True or False: Thought-action fusion may be caused by the individual’s belief that they should be able to control all of their thoughts.

A

False

Thought-action fusion may be caused by attitudes of excessive responsibility and resulting guilt developed during childhood.

17
Q

Key feature of OCD that has the paradoxical effect of inducing preoccupation with the object of thought

A

Thought suppression

18
Q

What is an example of an adverse perinatal event that can increase the risk for OCD?

A

Maternal tobacco use during pregnancy

19
Q

What type of antidepressant is most effective for patients with OCD?

A

Antidepressants that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin (SSRIs)

20
Q

When are atypical antipsychotics prescribed to treat OCD?

A

Atypical antipsychotics are prescribed in addition to antidepressants when people do not respond fully to SRIs.

21
Q

A psychotherapy technique whereby the rituals in OCD are actively prevented and the patient is systematically and gradually exposed to the feared thoughts or situations

A

Exposure and ritual prevention (ERP)

22
Q

What are the radical treatments for OCD?

A
  • Psychosurgery
  • Deep brain stimulation
23
Q

Disorder featuring a disruptive preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance

A

Body dysmorphic disorder

24
Q

Former term for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) referring to a fear of ugliness

A

Dysmorphobia

25
Q

Specifier of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) referring to the preoccupation with the idea that one’s body build is too small or insufficiently muscular

A

With muscle dysmorphia

26
Q

A form of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in which individuals are preoccupied with defects they perceive in another person’s appearance

A

Body dysmorphic disorder by proxy

27
Q

Apart from bias toward appearance-specific stimuli, state at least 1 psychological factor contributing to the development of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).

A
  • Visual-processing abnormalities (focus on detials more than on the whole)
  • Abnormalities in emotion recognition and executive function
  • Displacement
  • Conditional self-worth
28
Q

What medication is used to treat body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)?

A

Antidepressants

29
Q

Disorder characterized by the excessive acquisition of things, difficulty discarding anything, and living with excessive clutter under conditions best described as gross disorganization

A

Hoarding disorder

30
Q

What is the specifier for hoarding disorder whereby difficulty discarding possessions is accompanied by collecting items that are not needed or for which there is no available space?

A

With excessive acquisition

31
Q

What is the key difference between hoarding disorder and OCD?

A

Hoarders experience thoughts about their possessions as part of their natural stream of thought.

32
Q

True or False: People who hoard experience anxiety about their hoarding behavior.

A

False

Individuals with hoarding disorder often experience great pleasure, even euphoria, from shopping or otherwise collecting various items.

33
Q

What 2 brain structures are altered in people with hoarding disorder?

A
  • Frontal cortex
  • Limbic system
34
Q

Apart from unusual beliefs about possessions, state 1 psychological contribution to the development of hoarding disorder.

A
  • Poor organizational abilities
  • Indecisiveness
  • Exaggerated sense of responsibility
  • Perceived poor memory
35
Q

Apart from exposure and ritual prevention (ERP) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), what are the 2 psychotherapy approaches commonly used to treat hoarding disorder?

A
  • Motivational strategies
  • Family therapy
36
Q

Disorder characterized by the urge to pull out one’s own hair from anywhere on the body

A

Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder)

37
Q

Treatment for trichotillomania and excoriation disorder in which patients are carefulyl taught to be more aware of their repetitive behavior and to then substitute a different behavior

A

Habit reversal training

38
Q

Disorder characterized by recurrent, difficult-to-control picking of one’s skin leading to significant impairment or distress

A

Excoriation disorder (skin-picking disorder)

Abnormal Psychology (16 decks)

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