Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 1

Category of neurologically based behavioral disorders with a childhood onset that is known or presumed to result at least in part from disruption of brain development

Answer 1

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Question 2

Domain of childhood disorders characterized by outward-directed behaviors such as aggressiveness, noncompliance, overactivity, and impulsiveness

Answer 2

Externalizing disorders

Question 3

Domain of childhood disorders characterized by inward-focused experiences and behaviors such as depression, social withdrawal, and anxiety

Answer 3

Internalizing disorders

Question 4

Neurodevelopmental disorder marked by difficulties in focusing adaptively on the task at hand, inappropriate fidgeting and antisocial behavior, and excessive non-goal-directed behavior

Answer 4

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 5

How many inattention symptoms are required to meet the criteria for ADHD?

Answer 5

At least 6 symptoms (at least 5 for older adoelscents and adults)

Question 6

How many hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms are required to meet the criteria for ADHD?

Answer 6

At least 6 symptoms (at least 5 for older adolescents and adults)

Question 7

How long should symptoms persist to meet the criteria for ADHD?

Answer 7

At least 6 months

Question 8

At what age should ADHD symptoms have been present to be diagnosed with the disorder?

Answer 8

Before age 12

Question 9

A symptom of ADHD that manifests behaviorally as wandering off task, failing to follow through on instructions or finishing work or chores, having difficulty sustaining focus, and being disorganized and that is not attributable to defiance or lack of comprehension

Answer 9

Inattention

Question 10

A symptom of ADHD referring to excessive motor activity when it is not appropriate, or excessive fidgeting, tapping, or talkativeness

Answer 10

Hyperactivity

Question 11

A symptom of ADHD (though not exclusively) referring to hasty actions that occur in the moment without forethought, which may have potential for harm to the individual

Answer 11

Impulsivity

Question 12

The ability to stop responding to a task when signaled, which is deficient in individuals with ADHD

Answer 12

Inhibitory control

Question 13

Abnormal genes found in individuals with ADHD influence what 3 neurotransmitters?

Answer 13

1. Dopamine
2. Norepinephrine
   Serotonin

Question 14

True or False: Dopaminergic areas of the brain are larger in children with ADHD.

Answer 14

False

Dopaminergic areas are smaller in childrenw ith ADHD.

Question 15

What 3 brain structures show abnormalities in children with ADHD?

Answer 15

1. Prefrontal cortex
2. Striatum
3. Cerebellum

Question 16

What seizure disorder is associated with ADHD?

Answer 16

Idiopathic epilepsy

Question 17

Etiological model of ADHD suggesting that the brains of children with ADHD are slower to develop than the brains of unaffected children, leaving them unable to maintain attention and to control their behavior at an age-appropriate level

Answer 17

Immaturity hypothesis

Question 18

State at least 1 perinatal factor contributing to the development of ADHD.

Answer 18

1. Birth complications
2. Maternal stress
   3.. Prenatal exposure to substances

Question 19

State 3 medications commonly prescribed to treat ADHD.

Answer 19

1. Stimulants
2. Nonstimulants
3. Antidepressants

Question 20

State at least 2 psychosocial treatments for ADHD.

Answer 20

1. School interventions
2. Parent training and education
3. Behavior therapy
4. Social skills training
5. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)