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Dissociative Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

A category of disorders in which individuals feel detached from themselves or their surroundings and reality, experience, and identity may disintegrate

A

Dissociative disorders

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2
Q

A process whereby a group of mental processes is split off from the main stream of consciousness or behavior and loses its relationship with the rest of the personality

A

Dissociation

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3
Q

Dissociative symptoms experienced as unbidden intrusions into awareness and behavior, with accompanying losses of continuity in subjective experience

A

Positive dissociative symptoms

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4
Q

Positive dissociative symptom of altered perception, leading to a temporary loss of the sense of one’s reality

A

Depersonalization

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5
Q

Positive dissociative symptom in which the individual loses a sense of reality of the external world

A

Derealization

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6
Q

Dissociative symptoms defined by the inability to access information or to control mental functions that normally are readily amenable to access or control

A

Negative dissociative symptoms

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7
Q

Phenomenon in which the conscious, in its passive-receptive mode, registers and stores information in memory without being aware that the information has been processed

A

Hidden observer phenomenon

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8
Q

True or False: People with more severe abuse memories are more likely to remember and disclose their abuse.

A

True

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9
Q

A technique in which a person closes their eyes and tries to imagine and event occurring

A

Guided imagery

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10
Q

Dissociative disorder in which feelings of depersonalization or derealization are so severe that they dominate the client’s life and prevent normal functioning

A

Depersonalization/derealization disorder

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11
Q

True or False: Both depersonalization and derealization must be present to meet the diagnostic criteria for depersonalization/derealization disorder.

A

False

Either one can be present, or both can be present.

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12
Q

True or False: During the depersonalization or derealization experience, reality testing remains intact.

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: All dissociative disorders involve a disturbance of memory.

A

False

Depersonalization/derealization disorder involves no disturbance of memory.

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14
Q

State at least 1 neurobiological contribution to the development of depersonalization/derealization disorder.

A
  • Perceptual and cognitive deficits
  • Dysregulated HPA axis
  • Hyperventilation
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15
Q

Phenomenon defined by the difficulty with absorbing new information, as experienced by patients with depersonalization/derealization disorder

A

Mind emptiness

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16
Q

How is a dysregulated HPA axis implicated in depersonalization/derealization disorder?

A

Dysregulation in the HPA axis suggests reduced emotional responding, reflecting a tendency to inhibit emotional expression selectively.

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17
Q

State 1 psychological factor contributing to the development of depersonalization/derealization disorder.

A
  • Immature defense mechanisms
  • Maladaptive schemata
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18
Q

Dissociative disorder featuring the inability to recall personal information, usually of a stressful or traumatic nature

A

Dissociative amnesia

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19
Q

Type of amnesia characterized by the loss of memory of most or all personal information, including identity

A

Generalized amnesia

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20
Q

Type of amnesia characterized by a failure to recall events during a circumscribed period of time

A

Localized amnesia

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21
Q

Type of amnesia in which the individual can recall some, but not all, of the events during a circumscribed period of time

A

Selective amnesia

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22
Q

Type of amnesia referring to a deficit in the ability to learn new information

A

Anterograde amnesia

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23
Q

Type of amnesia referring to a deficit in the ability to recall previously learned information or past events

A

Retrograde amnesia

24
Q

Type of amnesia in which the individual fails to recall a specific category of important information

A

Systematized amnesia

25
Q

Syndrome in which people who have severely used alcohol much of their lives cannot remember much personal or general information for a period of several years or decades

A

Korsakoff’s syndrome

26
Q

True or False: Dissociative amnesia most often consists of either localized or selective amnesia for a specific event(s) or generalized amnesia for identity and life history.

27
Q

True or False: In most cases of dissociative amnesia, the forgetting is generalized rather than selective.

A

False

In most cases of dissociative amnesia, the forgetting is selective for traumatic events or memories rather than generalized.

Generalized dissociative amnesia is rate.

28
Q

Dissociative amnesia specifier featuring sudden, unexpected travel away from home, along with an inability to recall the past, sometimes with the assumption of a new identity

A

Dissociative fugue

29
Q

True or False: Dissociative fugue is commonly associated with systematized dissociative amnesia.

A

False

Dissociative fugue is commonly associated with generalized dissociative amnesia.

30
Q

True or False: Dissociative amnesia is irreversible.

A

False

Dissociative amnesia is reversible with hypnosis.

31
Q

What is the difference between PTSD and dissociative amnesia?

A

PTSD involves the inability to recall part or all of a significant traumatic event.

Dissociative amnesia extends to events beyond the immediate time of the trauma.

32
Q

What is the difference between seizure disorders and a dissociative fugue state?

A

Seizure disorders involve nonpurposive wandering limited to the period of seizure activity.

A fugue state involves purposeful, complex, and goal-directed behavior.

33
Q

True or False: PTSD and dissociative amnesia can co-occur.

A

True

PTSD and dissociative amnesia are comorbid, especially if it’s PTSD with dissociative symptoms.

34
Q

What type of memory is deficient in dissociative amnesia?

A

Explicit memory

35
Q

What does being in a high state of arousal have to do with dissociative amnesia?

A
  1. Individual experiences high state of arousal during the event.
  2. High arousal leads to the inability to encode and store information during the event.
  3. Individual is unable to retrieve information about it later.
36
Q

Dissociative disorder in which a person develops more than 1 distinct identity or personality, all of which coexist within 1 body and mind

A

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

37
Q

True or False: Most individuals with dissociative identity disorder (DID) do not overtly display their discontinuity of identity.

38
Q

True or False: The elaboration of dissociative personality states (i.e., different names, handwriting, and so on) is essential to the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder (DID).

A

False

The elaboration of dissociative personality states occurs in only a minority of individuals with DID.

39
Q

A term referring to the different personalities or identities in dissociative identity disorder (DID)

40
Q

Alter personality that inflicts pain or punishment on the other personalities by engaging in self-mutilative behaviors

A

Persecutor personality

41
Q

Alter personality that offers advice to other personalities or performs functions that the host personality is unable to perform

A

Protector personality

42
Q

A phenomenon in dissociative identity disorder (DID) referring to the transition from one personality to another, usually occurring instantaneously

43
Q

True or False: Alters share explicit memories.

44
Q

What is 1 difference between schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A

Schizophrenia:
1. Hallucinations accompanied by delusions
2. Primarily auditory hallucinations
3. Low hypnotic capacity

Dissociative identity disorder:
1. Hallucinations experienced as ego-alien and frightening
2. Hallucinations in all sensory modalities
3. Highest hypnotic capacity among all clinical groups

45
Q

How can you tell if a person is faking dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A
  • Overreporting of media-based symptoms and underreporting of less-publicized symptoms
  • Enjoys having the disorder
  • Limited, stereotyped alternate identities, with “amnesia” related only to events for which gain is sought
46
Q

What 2 brain structures are smaller in volume in individuals with dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
47
Q

What type of seizures are associated with dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A

Temporal-lobe epileptic seizures

48
Q

Apart from the hippocampus and amygdala, what part of the brain shows abnormalities in individuals with dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

The orbitofrontal cortex is involved in learning, decision making, and controlling behavior.

49
Q

Etiological model of dissociative identity disorder (DID) assuming that the condition begins in childhood as a result of severe physical or sexual abuse

A

Posttraumatic model

50
Q

Phenomenon in which individuals can dissociate from most of the world around them and suggest to themselves

A

Self-hypnosis

51
Q

Etiological model of dissociative identity disorder (DID) that considers the condition to be the result of learning to enact social response in response to suggestion

A

Sociocognitive model

52
Q

What medication is prescribed in some cases of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A

Antidepressants

53
Q

What are the 2 psychotherapy approaches commonly used for treating dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A
  • Psychodynamic therapy
  • Hypnotherapy
54
Q

Hypnotherapy technique in which the person is hypnotized and encouraged to go back in their mind to traumatic events in childhood

A

Age regression

55
Q

True or False: Treatment involving age regression and recovered memories can worsen dissociative identity disorder (DID) symptoms.

Abnormal Psychology (15 decks)

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