obs - physiological changes

Question 1

CV physiological changes in pregnancy

Answer 1

increased SV, HR, and CO (40%) // diastolic BP reduced in 1st and 2nd tri

Question 2

symptoms and cause impaired venous return pregnacy

Answer 2

enlarged uterus –> cankles, hypotension, varicose veins

Question 3

pulm changes pregnancy

Answer 3

increased ventilation and tidal volume (and O2) // fall in pCO2

Question 4

haem changes pregnancy

Answer 4

increased blood volume // increased fibrinogen, factor VII, VIII, X (coagulation) // low platelets // raised WCC + ESR

Question 5

urology changes pregnancy

Answer 5

increased GFR // Na + water reabsorption // milk proteinuria // mild glycosuria

Question 6

LFT changes preganancy

Answer 6

ALP up 50% // low albumin

Question 7

biochem changes pregnancy

Answer 7

need more calcium (esp hen lactating) // low Ca and phosphate

Question 8

what secretes hCG

Answer 8

embryo and then placenta

Question 9

function hCG

Answer 9

prevent breakdown of corpus luteum

Question 10

hCG levels in pregnancy

Answer 10

double every 48hours first few weeks // peak 6-8 weeks

Question 11

what produced progesterone in pregnancy

Answer 11

corpus luteum then placenta

Question 12

function progesterone in pregnancy

Answer 12

decrease uterine contraction // prepare for lactation

Question 13

function oestrogen in pregnancy

Answer 13

enlarges uterus, breast development

Question 14

what secretes AFP in pregnancy

Answer 14

feotus

Question 15

what conditions are assoc with raised AFP

Answer 15

neural tube defect // abdo wall defects // twins

Question 16

what conditions are assoc with low AFP

Answer 16

downs // trisomy 18 // maternal diabetes