abnormal growth in pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

what is SGA

A

birth weight <10th decile

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2
Q

how is SGA diagnosed

A

abdominal circumference (AC) or USS to estimated foetal weight

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3
Q

what is a low birth weight

A

any baby born under 2.5kg

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4
Q

what is Fetal growth restriction

A

abdo circumference or estimated foetal weight below 3rd decile (or below 10th + placental dysfunction)

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5
Q

RF SGA

A

placental dysfunction // maternal infection // congenital or chromosomal abnormality // smoking, alcohol, drugs

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6
Q

consequences of prematurity

A

Resp distress // intraventricular haemorrhage // nec enterocolitis // lung disease, hypothermia, feeding problems, infection, jaundice // retinopathy // hearing problems

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7
Q

when does retinopathy occur in prematurity

A

before 32 weeks

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8
Q

what is macrosomnia

A

baby over >90th decile // over 4.5kg

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9
Q

what is polyhydramnios

A

excess amniotic fluid

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10
Q

causes polyhydramnios

A

maternal diabetes!! // foetal anomaly // twins // virus // hydrops fetalis

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11
Q

signs polyhydramnios

A

tense, shiny bump // cant feel fetal parts // large for dates

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12
Q

invx polyhydramnios

A

USS

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13
Q

what is oligohydramnios

A

reduced amniotic fluid (<500ml at 32-36 weeks)

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14
Q

causes oligohydramnios

A

PROM // potter sequence (renal agenesis) // IUGR // post term // pre-eclampsia

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15
Q

RF twins

A

FH // increased maternal age // multigravida // IVF // afro-carribean

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16
Q

what is Zygosity and Chorionicity

A

zygosity = no of eggs (eg monozygous from 1 egg, dizycgous from 2) // chorionicity = number of placentas

17
Q

what type of chorionicity do dizygotic twins have

A

dichorionic (2 placenta) and diamniotic (2 sacs)

18
Q

what type of chorionicty can monozygotic twins have

A

DCDA, MCDA, MCMA, conjoined

19
Q

what determines a monozygotic twins chorionicty

A

date of cleavage

20
Q

most common chorionicty for monzygotic twin

A

MCDA (1 placenta, 2 sacs)

21
Q

symptoms twins

A

exaggerated pregnancy // large for dates // multiple fetal poles

22
Q

complications twins

A

polyhydramnios // hypertension // aneamia // APH, PPH // cord entanglement // premature // fetal death // growth restriction // twin to twin transfusion

23
Q

complication and invx from single fetal death

A

risk nuero abnormality to other twin // MRI at 4 weeks

24
Q

what is twin to twin tranfusion syndrome

A

donor perfuses recipient twin

25
Q

consequences twin to twin tranfusion syndrome donor

A

restricted growth, anaemia, decreased blood volume, oligohydramnios

26
Q

consequences twin to twin transfusion syndrome recipient

A

polyhydramnios and HF

27
Q

mx twin to twin tranfusion

A

<26 weeks = laser ablation // >26 weeks = amnioreduction // >34 weeks = delivery

28
Q

delivery twins

A

most by 38 weeks, induce by 38-40

29
Q

supplements for twins

A

iron and folate

30
Q

types of foetal lie

A

longitudinal, transverse, oblique

31
Q

when do most transverse lie move to longitudinal

A

32 weeks

32
Q

RF transverse lie

A

previous pregnancy // fibroids // twins // premature // polyhydramnios

33
Q

complications transverse lie

A

PROM // cord prolapse // compound presentation

34
Q

mx transverse lie

A

external cephalic version // elective c section

35
Q

what is post-term pregnancy

A

extended beyond 42 weeks

36
Q

neonatal complication post-term pregnancy

A

reduced perfusion // oligohydramnios

37
Q

maternal complications post-term pregnancy

A

increased chance of forceps or c section // labour indcution