menopause

Question 1

avegae age of menopause

Answer 1

51

Question 2

average duration menopause

Answer 2

7 years

Question 3

when does contracpetion need to be used in menopause

Answer 3

12 months after last period if 50+ // 24 months after last period if under 50 // <40 continue

Question 4

diagnosis premature ovarian failure

Answer 4

raised FSH 2 weeks apart

Question 5

what causes menopause

Answer 5

loss of follicles –> reduced oestrogen –> reduced endometrial proliferation –> amenorrhoea

Question 6

what type of oestrogen rises and falls in menopause

Answer 6

E2 from ovaries and follicles fall // E1 from adipose and adrenals rises

Question 7

symptoms menopause

Answer 7

amenorrhoea // vasomotor - hot flushes, night sweats // vaginal dryness // urinary frequency // short term memory loss (brain fog) // depression

Question 8

long term complications menopause

Answer 8

osteoporosis, IHD

Question 9

lifestyle mx menopause

Answer 9

exercise (early in the day), weight loss, sleep hygiene

Question 10

contraindications to HRT

Answer 10

current or past breast cancer // oestrogen sensitive cancer // undiagnosed vaginal bleeding // untreated endometrial hyerplasia

Question 11

who can receive oestrogen only HRT

Answer 11

women w/o uterus (with uterus = combined)

Question 12

serious risks HRT

Answer 12

VTE (oral HRT) // stroke (oestrogen only) // coronary heatr disease (combined HRT) // breast cancer (combined HRT) //endometrial cancer (oestrogen)

Question 13

vasomotor mx for menopause

Answer 13

fluoxetine, citalopram, venlaxafine

Question 14

vaginal dryness mx for menopause

Answer 14

vaginal lubricant

Question 15

vaginal atrophy mx for menopause

Answer 15

vaginal oestrogens

Question 16

stopping HRT

Answer 16

stopping gradually helps limit reoccurence in short term // does not affect long term symptoms

Question 17

in premature menopause when is HRT indicated until

Answer 17

50 - protect bone health

Question 18

type of HRT in women at risk of VTE

Answer 18

transdermal patch

Question 19

SE HRT

Answer 19

nausea, breast tenderness, fluid retention and weight gain

Question 20

what HRT increases risk of breast cancer

Answer 20

with progesterone // longer use = higher risk // declines once HRT is stopped

Question 21

what HRT increases risk of endometrial cancer

Answer 21

oestrogen alone in women without uterus // give progesterone continuously

Question 22

what type of HRT increases risk of VTE

Answer 22

HRT with progesterone

Question 23

HRT and migraines

Answer 23

safe - may exacerbate migraines