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Disease Processes > Nutritional Diseases > Flashcards

Nutritional Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is nutrition?

A

The process by which humans obtain and use substances from food (nutrients) to maintain structural and functional integrity

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2
Q

What is optimal nutrition?

A

Food secure individuals with an adequate balanced diet

Healthy, normal development and high quality of life

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3
Q

What is undernutrition (hunger)?

A 
Food insecure
Depletion of energy
Poverty
Ignorance
Political unstable environment
Increased physical and mental development
Increased infections
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4
Q

What is malnutrition?

A

Serious depletion of nutrients (other than energy)

Similar to undernutrition but increased burden

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5
Q

What is starvation?

A

Involuntary lack of food

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6
Q

What is fasting?

A

Voluntary lack of food

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7
Q

What is famine?

A

Severe food shortage in the community

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8
Q

What are the issues in nutrition?

A 
Nutrient-gene interactions
Phytochemicals
Childhood obesity
Requirements of an ageing population
Food security for everyone
Food safety
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9
Q

What are the factors affecting energy intake?

A

Appetite

Hunger

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10
Q

What is vitamin D?

A

Hormone-cholesterol based

Formed following exposure to UV

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11
Q

What percentage of bone is replaced each year?

A

5-10%

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12
Q

What is the purpose of calcitrophic hormones?

A

Regulate bone formation and resorption

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13
Q

What are some examples of calcitrophic hormones?

A 
Parathyroid hormone
Vitamin D
Sex steroids
Glucocorticoids
Growth hormone
Insulin-like growth factor
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14
Q

What are the main bone diseases?

A

Osteoporosis

Rickets and osteomalacia

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15
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Systemic disease of the skeleton where there is low bone mass and an impairment of the microarcitecture of bone

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16
Q

For which cancers is there evidence of a link with vitamin D deficiency?

A

Colo-rectal

Breast

17
Q

What are the mechanisms of vitamin D deficiency being linked to cancer?

A

Influences DNA of cancer cells
Promotes cellular arrest
Curbs multiplication of cancer cells
Inhibits cancer from spreading

18
Q

Which components of heart disease is there links with vitamin D deficiency?

A

Hypertension
Inflammation
Blood lipids

19
Q

What are the mechanisms of vitamin D deficiency being linked to heart disease?

A

Activates mechanism that boosts blood pressure

Stimulates parathyroid hormone which increases inflammation and insulin resistance

20
Q

What is good vitamin D status linked with?

A

Lower risk of multiple sclerosis
Fewer symptoms in MS patients
Fewer symptoms in patients with rheumatoid athritis

Disease Processes (15 decks)

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